Hybrid poultry enterprises are becoming more preferred to indigenous poultry enterprises in Imo State Nigeria. This study in a bid to establish a reason for this development investigated the profitability of the two enterprises and the factors that influence their profitability. Primary data were collected using a set of structured questionnaires from 96 respondents drawn from 48 indigenous broiler farmers and 48 hybrid broiler farmers who were selected through multistage, purposive, and random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios, and the ordinary least squares multiples regression technique. The results showed that most of the respondents were in their mid-forties with a mean age of 46 years and 45 years respectively. Female poultry farmers dominated in the indigenous birds-based poultry enterprises while male farmers were mostly involved in hybrid bird poultry production. The majority of the entrepreneurs had formal education with an average of 13 years and 14 years. The level of education (P<0.01), stock size (P<0.01), depreciation of capital assets (P<0.1), amount of credit (P<0.01), and total cost (P<0.01) are factors that influence the profitability of indigenous birds-based poultry enterprises in the State. The age of the entrepreneur (P<0.01), the level of education of the entrepreneur (P<0.05), the stock size (P<0.1), depreciation of capital assets (P<0.05) influenced the profitability of hybrid birds-based poultry enterprises. The study recommended the extension of credit, better educational facilities to poultry enterprises and entrepreneurs in the State.
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