The need for housing is very rapid, especially the type of house growing with several choices of area, namely types 21, 27, 36, 45 to 120m2. In the growing house will be provided land for homeowners to develop the house so it is more feasible. The concept of housing provided by the developer is sometimes incompatible with the concept of utilizing natural lighting because it only emphasizes attractive design and number of units. For this reason, it is necessary to provide a reference for homeowners as a strategy to renovate buildings facing the west so that the utilization of natural lighting remains optimal and meets the measurement of comfort visually. The study will analyze the average lux value or Daylight Levels avarage of natural lighting resulting from the amount of light openings. The analysis will be done is the average value of natural lighting from the location strategy and the amount of light aperture in producing quality lighting in space. The kitchen room and family room are spaces with a high level of activity that require optimal lighting. The most optimal lighting level is the opening type of model 1 with 10% opening in the west, 10% opening in the roof, and 50% in the east. The resulting lighting level is 998.58 lux in clear sky conditions and 849 lux overcast conditions.
Penggunaan batu laterit sebagai bahan agregat kasar dalam campuran perkerasan aspal beton (laston) belum sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan hanya digunakan sebagai bahan timbunan jalan. Potensi dari batu laterit cukup besar karena Kalimantan Timur mempunyai sumber batu laterit yang melimpah, salah satunya dari desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sifat-sifat Marshall dan mengetahui besarnya Kadar Aspal Optimum dari penggunaan batu laterit sebagai pengganti agregat kasar. Pada Penelitian ini dibuat benda uji Marshall dengan variasi batu laterit sebagai pengganti agregat kasar pada kadar 0%, 12,5%, 25%, 37,5% dan 50% serta kadar aspal yang direncanakan adalah 4%, 4,5%, 5%, 5,5%, dan 6% yang kemudian akan diketahui kadar aspal optimum, stabilitas, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA dan MQ pada campuran Laston Lapis Antara (AC-BC). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh penggunaan batu laterit sebagai pengganti agregat kasar pada AC-BC maksimum sebesar 50% dan nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum sebesar 5,48% dengan karakteristik Marshall meliputi nilai stabilitas 1980 kg, flow 3,95%, VIM 4,96%, VMA 16,42%, VFA 72,07% dan MQ 510,63 kg/mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa campuran AC-BC dengan pengganti agregat kasar menggunakan batu laterit memenuhi persyaratan untuk lapisan aspal beton AC-BC)
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