ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of canine retraction, mesial movement of molar and pain perception in maxillary first premolar extraction patients with or without flapless cortical perforations (FCPs).MethodsThirty adult patients with class II div I malocclusion were randomly allocated with the help of SPSS software to either perforation or conventional group for carrying out this randomized parallel group-controlled trial in 1:1 ratio. Maxillary first premolars were extracted and after canine retraction, distance between the tip of the canine and midpoint of incisal edge and the distance between the cervical midpoints on the height of contour of respective cinguli was measured. Also, mesial movement of molar and pain perception were assessed in both groups. Three bilateral cortical FCP of 1.5 mm diameter were made in the perforation group. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS software with an intention-to-treat the FCP approach.ResultsSignificant canine retraction in patients with FCP (mean retraction of 6.68 ± 0.60 [measured at crown tip level] and 5.97 ± 0.71 mm [measured at mid cervical level]) was revealed, while patients with conventional mechanics had mean retraction of 2.54 ± 0.49 and 2.33 ± 0.46 mm. Mesial movement of molar also showed significant difference (FCP = 0.48 ± 0.11 mm and Conventional = 0.65 ± 0.19 mm). Pain perception in control group was significantly lower in day 1 and 2.ConclusionFCPs are an effective method of accelerating the rate of canine retractions by 2–3 fold of tooth movement, however, pain perception was high in day 1 and 2.

ObjectivesTo inspect the human adult odontometrics by the assistance of 3D cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging in Saudi, Jordan and Egypt population.Materials and MethodsData of this cross sectional study from 252 subject were analysed by 3D CBCT volumetric data in college of dentistry, Aljouf University, from December 2016 to May 2017. All measurements were done by 3D on demand software. The tooth size from 2nd molar to 2nd molar of maxillary and mandibular arch was measured. Independent t test and ANOVA were used to examine the differences between gender and among Arabic population (Saudi, Jordan and Egypt) on the all tooth size.ResultsComparison between the right and left side odontometrics were significantly dissimilar in 9 out of 14 pairs (p < 0.05). The odontometrics of the 2nd molar to 2nd molar tooth of maxillary and mandibular arch between gender and among Saudi, Jordan and Egypt population were insignificant (p > 0.05).Conclusion3D CBCT imaging permits us to measure the tooth size effectively and accurately. Based on results, significant asymmetry was revealed in 9 out of 14 pairs in relation to side disparities. No significant differences in tooth size between gender and among races were found. CBCT can elevate the record keeping problem, human adult odontometrics for the analysis can be obtained directly from the digital image.

Background: One of the most important values in cephalometric tracing is the gonial angle which is used to measure growth pattern of patients, teeth extraction pattern in Class II patients, surgical decision in class III skeletal base patients and age estimation in forensic medicine. Gonial angle measured from panoramic radiograph is found to be more reliable than lateral cephalometric radiograph. In the latter, superimposition of the left and right sides angle, makes it difficult to measure accurately gonial angle. Aims: I aimed at testing the similarity of left and right sides of Orthopantomography in measuring the gonial angle vs. its measurement from lateral cephalometric radiograph. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional hospital files-based study of patients visited the Staff Clinic of

Introduction:The objectives were to see the nasal prominence norm and the gender dimorphism in nasal prominence measured by Holdaway's soft tissue analysis. Materials and methods:The sample size was 100 (50 males and 50 females). The subjects included in the study were of Saudi origin with class I skeletal and dental relationship and all teeth present. The age group of the patients was between 18 and 28 years. The radiographs were traced and analyzed by two students and cross-checked by an orthodontist. The nasal prominence was measured according to the technique described by Holdaway. Results:The descriptive statistics were calculated for both male and female groups. The mean value of nasal prominence when male and female samples were combined was 14.08 mm. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.083) when genders were compared. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Conclusion:No statistically significant difference was found when genders were compared. The value for males was normal while the value for females was less than Holdaway's normal.Clinical significance: These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.

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