Population growth and distribution are still widely seen from the perspective of urban areas. Though the city has many zones with various functions, so comes the question, what zone will have population growth and hold the highest population growth distribution? And why would residents choose that zone? The study was conducted in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, using population data from 2004 to 2011 (8 years) and urban zoning data from government documents. The results show that the conservation zone has the highest population growth and receives the highest population growth distribution. This result is confirmed by a cross section survey of respondents who live in the conservation zone. The survey results show that purchase, wide land, environment, and native inhabitants are variables affecting the population's choice of the conservation zone as their residential location. The study also shows that the zones with the highest population do not automatically have the highest population growth and accommodate the highest population increase. Population analysis using the zonation system can help us better understand population growth and population growth distribution in urban areas.
The density of the urban population spreads by land function and geographical condition of the urban land. An understanding of the population density and pattern of distribution will help planners understand the pattern of urban development and urban dwelling trends. Population density and its distribution can be seen through the trend of population density based on the distance of the sub-district center to the city center. Usually, the population density will be high in the city center and will decrease to the suburbs. The research was conducted in 15 cities across Indonesia spread across several main islands of Indonesia and with a diverse population such as geographical area and geographical conditions. Results show that the densest population will be in the center of the city as an economic area, and its density decreases as it progresses further from downtown. This indicates that the population density will rise if it is close to the location of economic activity i.e. downtown, and will decrease when away from the city center.
The population of the city will continue to increase without control because there is no population determination policy. The spatial plan document does not stipulate the capacity of city residents. As a result, there has been an expansion of land use which has created environmental problems and there has been a regular increase in urban infrastructure to serve an unplanned population growth. This study aims to determine the population growth in the provincial capital city on the island of Sumatra. It is known that in 2010 there were two metropolitan cities, but in 2020 there were three metropolitan cities in Sumatra. It is estimated that by 2030 there will be five metropolitan cities. Within 10 years, Bengkulu City has had a population growth of up to 87%. The population in 6 cities in Sumatra grew below 25% and 3 cities grew above 25% with a total population increase of up to 1.3 million people in one decade.
Environmental pollution due to industrial activities has been reported since 1760, dating back to the first industrial revolution. One industrial activity that has led to major environmental degradation is coal mining, which can pollute surface and underground water due to acid mine drainage (AMD). Phytoremediation is low-cost, applicable, environmental, and does not generate other waste materials. In this research, we analyze the utilization of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes for AMD treatment. The results indicated that the AMD initially contained Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, and Mg. E. crassipes successfully reduced these contents by up to 69%, while P. stratiotes removed up to 62%. A cost analysis for phytoremediation of AMD is designed in terms of two schemes, with 4298 USD for the first scheme and no cost in the second scheme. The post-harvest potential, future research directions, and bibliometric analysis are also discussed. Overall, the results of this study indicate that P. stratiotes and E. crassipes are plants with great potential for AMD phytoremediation.
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