Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the application of different levels of sugarcane straw on the aggregation and distribution of organic carbon (C) in aggregate classes of a Red Latosol under mechanical harvest in Paranavaí (PR). For this study, in November 2014, after the mechanical harvesting of cane-plant (variety RB-867515), the following amounts of straw were applied to the soil: 0.00, 3.65, 7.50, and 14.85 Mg ha -1 which corresponded respectively to field maintenance of 0, 25, 50 and 100% of the straw. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with 4 replicates. Approximately one year after application of straw levels on the soil, soil samples were collected in the 0-10 cm layer. In these samples the aggregate mean weight diameters (MWD), the aggregate distribution in the classes of diameters 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25, and 0.25-0.105 and <0.105 mm by dry route, and the C content in these classes with the exception of class <0.105 mm. In the distribution of the aggregates, there was a predominance of the 0.25-0.105 mm group of aggregates, possibly due to the amount of fine sand (290 g kg ) present in this sieve diameter, although within this class there was no significant effect of the levels of straw. The higher straw deposition on the soil (50 and 100%) increased the percentage of aggregates in the class 4-2 mm (25.7 and 32.0%, respectively) in relation to treatments 0 and 25% (13.5 and 22.7%, respectively), presenting significant quadratic behavior. The same effect was observed for the MWD values, with higher values in the treatments with 50 and 100% (1.65 and 1.60 mm, respectively) in relation to treatments with 25 and 0% straw (1.32 and 1.01 mm, respectively). Within each straw level, the C contents in the aggregate classes presented significant differences among them, except for the treatment with 100% straw, where in general the values were higher in the classes with diameter of 4-2 and 2-1 mm (12.5 and 12.4 g kg -1, respectively) and lower in the class 0.25-0.105 mm (6.6 g kg -1). Thus, the main conclusions were that the application of 50 and 100% (7.55 and 14.85 Mg ha -1 year -1) increases the aggregation of the soil, and that the application of 50% of straw on the soil also (4-2 and 2-1 mm), which are associated to higher soil organic carbon contents (14.4 and 13.2 g Kg -1 , respectively), straw level being more appropriate to keep the surface of the soil to maintain soil structure.Keywords: Management of sugarcane straw; aggregation; classes of aggregates; aggregate organic carbon. ResumoO objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da aplicação de diferentes níveis de palhada da cana-de-açúcar sobre a agregação e distribuição de carbono orgânico (C) em classes de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho, sob colheita mecânica em Paranavaí (PR). Para esse estudo, em novembro de 2014, após a colheita mecanizada de cana-planta (primeira colheita após o plantio), variedade RB-867515, foram aplicados sobre o solo as seguintes quantidades de palha: 0, 3,65, 7,55...
The gradual change in management practices in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production from burning straw to a green harvesting system, as well as the use of minimum soil tillage during field renovation, may affect soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of sugar cane production systems on: (1) soil fertility parameters; (2) on physical carbon fractions; (3) and on humic substance fractions, in a long-term experiment, comparing two soil tillage and two residue management systems an Xanthic Udult, in the coastal tableland region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of plots (conventional tillage (CT) or minimum tillage (MT)) and subplots (residue burned or unburned at harvesting), with five replicates The highest values of Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed in the MT system in all soil layers, while high values of K + were observed in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The CT associated with the burned residue management negatively influenced the TOC values, especially in the 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m layers. The carbon in the humin fraction and organic matter associated with minerals were significantly different among the tillage systems; the MT showed higher values than the CT. However, there were no significant differences between the sugarcane residue management treatments. Overall, fractioning the SOM allowed for a better understanding of tillage and residue management systems effects on the soil properties. Key words: Saccharum spp. Soil tillage systems. Residue retention. ResumoA mudança gradual nas práticas de manejo da cana de açúcar (Saccharum spp.) de colheita com queima de palha para o sistema de colheita sem queima, bem como o uso de preparo mínimo do solo durante a renovação do canavial, podem afetar a fertilidade do solo e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). Os objetivos específicos foram investigar a influência de sistemas de produção de cana-deaçúcar sobre: (1) os parâmetros de fertilidade do solo; (2) sobre as frações físicas do carbono; (3) e em frações de substâncias húmicas, em um experimento de longa duração, comparando dois tipos de preparo do solo e dois sistemas de manejo da palhada em Argissolo Amarelo, na região tabuleiros costeiros do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram de parcelas (preparo convencional (PC)
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