Background: The short-term benefits of aerobic and resistance exercise in subjects affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are scarcely examined in interaction. This study aimed to identify the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise programs on walking performance compared with isolated aerobic exercise or with the usual care in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A total of five electronic databases were searched (until October 2019) for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The focus comprised PAD patients with intermittent claudication who performed a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program that assessed the walking performance. Results: Seven studies include combined aerobic and resistance exercise vs. isolated aerobic or vs. usual care. The studies represented a sample size of 337 participants. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, 2 to 5 times-per-week. The risk of bias in the trials was a deemed moderate-to-high risk. After the interventions, the percent change in walking performance outcomes had a large variation. In the combined and isolated aerobic programs, the walking performance always improved, while in the usual care group oscillates between the deterioration and the improvement in all outcomes. Combined exercise and isolated aerobic exercise improved the claudication onset distance from 11 to 396%, and 30 to 422%, the absolute claudication distance from 81 to 197%, and 53 to 121%, and the maximal walking distance around 23 and 10%, respectively. Conclusions: Currently, there is insufficient evidence about the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise compared to isolated aerobic exercise or usual care on walking performance. However, despite the low quality of evidence, the combined aerobic and resistance exercise seems to be an effective strategy to Machado et al. Combined Exercise in Intermittent Claudication improve walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication. These combined exercise modes or isolated aerobic exercise produce positive and significant results on walking performance. The usual care approach has a trend to deteriorate the walking performance. Thus, given the scarcity of data, new randomized controlled trial studies that include assessments of cardiovascular risk factors are urgently required to better determine the effect of this exercise combination.
Abstract. In October 2011 a new, ambitious project was launched, named FIBRE (Future Internet testbeds experimentation between Brazil and Europe). Its main goal is to create common space between Brazil and EU for Future Internet experimental research into network infrastructure and distributed applications, by building and operating a federated EU-Brazil Future Internet experimental facility. Apart from bridging partners from two continents, the project brings together different technologies, including OpenFlow, wireless and optical communications. To demonstrate the public utility of the facility, FIBRE will design and implement a set of pilot applications ranging from seamless wireless connectivity to high-definition content delivery. The poster to be presented describes FIBRE's goals, its testbed facilities and a schema of the envisioned architecture embracing the functionalities of the individual testbeds, as well as their federation. This schema has resulted from the collaborative work of the partners in order to define the functional requirements related to such an architecture. Our ambition with this poster is to attract new users for the facility from the experimental research community, but also to stimulate interest for FIBRE's activities among the conference's attendees.
A major objective of the Brazil-EU FIBRE project is the deployment in Brazil of FIT@BR, a wide-area network testbed to support user experimentation in the design and validation of new network architectures and applications. In such a testbed, a high degree of automated resource sharing between experimenters is required, and the testbed itself must be instrumented so that precise measurements and accounting of both user and facility resources may be carried out. In this article, we describe the design and implementation of the Control and Monitoring Framework (CMF) for the FIT@BR testbed, which is based on three CMFs developed in existing testbed projects. In order to take best advantage of different testbed functionalities at different sites, FIT@BR is being created as a federated testbed, which will facilitate future interoperation with international initiatives.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of using inverse sequences of combined bench-step aerobics and resistance exercise on cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic and perceptual variables during exercise and one-hour post-exercise. The tested sequences were bench-step aerobics immediately before and immediately after resistance exercise. Thirteen apparently healthy and physically active women (age = 21.9 ± 6.1 years, body height = 160 ± 0.1 cm, body mass = 58.8 ± 7.5 kg, estimated fat mass = 17.2 ± 2.0% and estimated maximal oxygen uptake = 37.5 ± 2.6 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) performed a 20-minute bench-step aerobics routine, immediately before (STEP_RES) and after (RES_STEP) resistance exercise. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were continuously measured, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body temperature and perceived exertion were measured at rest, immediately after each type of exercise and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after exercise. When resistance exercise was performed first (RES_STEP), oxygen uptake was higher (23.2 ± 3.9 vs. 20.5 ± 4.8 mL∙kg-1∙min-1), but the heart rate (164.5 ± 9.1 vs. 173.9 ± 11.7 bpm) and body temperature (36.5 ± 0.4 vs. 37.6 ± 0.6 ºC) were lower. In both sequences, the type of exercise performed first was pointed out with a lower perceived exertion or lower perceived intensity. Exercise and 60-min post-exercise blood pressure had a similar response in both sequences, and systolic blood pressure along with diastolic blood pressure were lower than pre-exercise from 30 min until 60 min post-exercise. The results suggest that the sequence affected oxygen uptake and perceived exertion during exercise and that this total workload, despite the sequence, promoted a post-exercise blood pressure decrease in normotensive participants.
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