The stability of travelling wave Chapman–Jouguet and moderately overdriven detonations of Zeldovich–von Neumann–Döring type is formulated for a general system that incorporates the idealized gas and condensed-phase (liquid or solid) detonation models. The general model consists of a two-component mixture with a one-step irreversible reaction between reactant and product. The reaction rate has both temperature and pressure sensitivities and has a variable reaction order. The idealized condensed-phase model assumes a pressure-sensitive reaction rate, a constant-γ caloric equation of state for an ideal fluid, with the isentropic derivative γ=3, and invokes the strong shock limit. A linear stability analysis of the steady, planar, ZND detonation wave for the general model is conducted using a normal-mode approach. An asymptotic analysis of the eigenmode structure at the end of the reaction zone is conducted, and spatial boundedness (closure) conditions formally derived, whose precise form depends on the magnitude of the detonation overdrive and reaction order. A scaling analysis of the transonic flow region for Chapman–Jouguet detonations is also studied to illustrate the validity of the linearization for Chapman–Jouguet detonations. Neutral stability boundaries are calculated for the idealized condensed-phase model for one- and two-dimensional perturbations. Comparisons of the growth rates and frequencies predicted by the normal-mode analysis for an unstable detonation are made with a numerical solution of the reactive Euler equations. The numerical calculations are conducted using a new, high-order algorithm that employs a shock-fitting strategy, an approach that has significant advantages over standard shock-capturing methods for calculating unstable detonations. For the idealized condensed-phase model, nonlinear numerical solutions are also obtained to study the long-time behaviour of one- and two-dimensional unstable Chapman–Jouguet ZND waves.
The boson-fermion correspondence of type A is an isomorphism between two super vertex algebras (and so has singularities in the operator product expansions only at z = w). The boson-fermion correspondence of type B plays similarly important role in many areas, including representation theory, integrable systems, random matrix theory and random processes. But the vertex operators describing it have singularities in their operator product expansions at both z = w and z = −w, and thus need a more general notion than that of a super vertex algebra. In this paper we present such a notion: the concept of a twisted vertex algebra, which generalizes the concept of super vertex algebra. The two sides of the correspondence of type B constitute two examples of twisted vertex algebras. The boson-fermion correspondence of type B is thus an isomorphism between two twisted vertex algebras.
We extend the bicharacter construction of quantum vertex algebras first proposed by Borcherds to the case of super Hopf algebras. We give a bicharacter description of the charged free fermion super vertex algebra, which allows us to construct different quantizations of it in the sense of H D -quantum vertex algebras, or specializations to Etingof-Kazhdan quantum vertex algebras. We give formulas for the analytic continuation of product of fields, the operator product expansion and the normal ordered product in terms of the super-bicharacters.
The boson-fermion correspondences are an important phenomena on the intersection of several areas in mathematical physics: representation theory, vertex algebras and conformal field theory, integrable systems, number theory, cohomology. Two such correspondences are well known: the types A and B (and their super extensions). As a main result of this paper we present a new bosonfermion correspondence, of type D-A. Further, we define a new concept of twisted vertex algebra of order N , which generalizes super vertex algebra. We develop the bicharacter construction which we use for constructing classes of examples of twisted vertex algebras, as well as for deriving formulas for the operator product expansions (OPEs), analytic continuations and normal ordered products. By using the underlying Hopf algebra structure we prove general bicharacter formulas for the vacuum expectation values for three important groups of examples. We show that the correspondences of type B, C and D-A are isomorphisms of twisted vertex algebras. Contents
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