The impact of mileage accumulation and fast charging on driving range and battery energy of a light-duty battery electric vehicle (BEV), commercially available in North America, is being investigated. Two identical model BEVs are undergoing mileage accumulation on-road in Ottawa, Canada as well as testing on a chassis dynamometer in accordance with the SAE J1634 recommended test procedures. BEV1 is charged exclusively on DC fast-charging (DCFC) and BEV2 is charged exclusively on SAE AC Level 2 (ACL2). At the time of writing, the BEVs have been tested initially at 1,600 km, and then again after mileage accumulation to 15,000 km. Baseline results indicate that the two BEVs had a similar initial performance, and after 15,000 km the vehicles continue to have a similar driving range and useable battery energy despite the different charging methods. Both vehicles did, however, show decreased useable battery energy and recharge energy after 15,000 km of mileage accumulation and the resulting decrease in driving range varied between 0.4 and 13% depending on test conditions; these changes were not always statistically significant. Further testing is planned at approximately 15,000 km intervals up to 105,000 km. The next round of testing, at 34,000 km, will follow mileage accumulation at cold temperature, during an Ottawa, Canada winter.
Transport Canada's ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles Program tests and evaluates the safety and environmental performance of advanced vehicle technologies. One area of investigation, in collaboration with Transport Canada's Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations Group, is audible alert systems for electric vehicles. BEVs and HEVs can be significantly quieter than conventional vehicles at low speeds.The inclusion of sound alert systems that emit a detectable minimum sound is currently being studied as one option to enhance pedestrian safety. This paper will provide an overview of TC's testing to measure/assess the noise emissions from BEVs, HEVs and conventional vehicles, and various manufacturers' noise emissions systems for HEVs / BEVs.
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The SAE G-27 committee was tasked by ICAO to develop a performance-based packaging standard for lithium batteries transported as cargo on aircraft. The standard details test criteria to qualify packages of lithium batteries & cells for transportation as cargo on-board passenger aircraft. Lithium batteries and cells have been prohibited from shipment as cargo on passenger aircraft since 2016.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper summarizes the results of the tests conducted by Transport Canada and National Research Council Canada to support the development of this standard with evidence-based recommendations. It includes a description of the test specimens, the test set up, instrumentation used, and test procedures following the standard as drafted to date.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The study considered several lithium-ion battery and cell chemistries that were tested under various proposed testing scenarios in the draft standard. The aim was to assess the feasibility of proposed tests, and to determine whether the tests are able to accurately capture hazards which may arise from a catastrophic battery or a cell failure within the package. Laboratory results were also simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics software for confirmation.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A comprehensive study involved validating several areas of the draft standard: i) the baseline test method consisting of a package of lithium cells; ii) an oversized battery (i.e. electric vehicle battery) to large to be tested within the proposed test chamber; iii) stratification of evolved gases within the test chamber; iv) control thermocouple placement location on the test cell for compliant measurement; and, v) test chamber leak rate effect on vented gas ignition.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The main findings of the experiments are presented in this paper for each test scenario as prescribed in the draft standard; results for proposed recommendations to improve the standard to identify a hazard with higher accuracy are presented. A discussion on each of the recommendations is included.</div></div>
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