This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Koulin G, Zhang J, Frazer RC, Shaw BA, Sewell I. A new profile roughness measurement approach for involute helical gears. Measurement Science and Technology 2017
There is a growing need for cheaper, more sustainable energy sources and this calls for optimisation of energy harnessing systems. Offshore wind energy has been highlighted as one of the more promising energy sources and in this application, the foundation structure for a typical installation contributes significantly to the overall levelised cost of energy. With this in mind, a faceted monopile foundation design and the review of its critical evaluation is presented. This type of design lends itself well to mass production and upscaling, both factors seen to reduce the overall cost of gathered energy. The evaluation of the design is performed through comparison with a conventional, circular monopile design. The comparison is undertaken using conventional design criteria as outlined by the DNV standards body. A finite element model was used to evaluate the structural performance of the designs. It is shown that the faceted design has a higher fatigue resilience than the conventional round design. Also, the fatigue damage caused to the monopile during pile driving installation is estimated from the conducted scaled down test where a series of strain gauge signals were collected to allow for stress measurement at specific points of interest. The feasibility of the proposed faceted monopile design is supported based on this critical evaluation.
This critical commentary surveys some of the now‐canonical literature that redefined the relationship between analysis and performance after Wallace Berry. While efforts have been made to give performance a place at the analytical table, I maintain that our current conceptions of what counts as musical structure have remained overly indebted to music theory, stifling any balanced dialogue with performance, and I suggest one possible way forward by probing an unusual structural moment in a Mozart quartet movement.
This article interrogates and reimagines the approach to reductive music analysis characterized by spatial metaphors (like “underlying” harmony). Such language portrays analysis as the process of discovering a structure “beneath” a piece’s “surface.” I argue that this picture downplays the multi-faceted, varied processes that go into creating musical reductions. Examining details of several different kinds of relationships between “surface” and “depth,” I show that while the traditional characterization is analytically apt in many cases, it encourages false equivalences in others. Borrowing Schoenberg’s description of music theory as being based in “good comparison,” I suggest that such an alternative conception might better suit some of our engagements with reductive analysis. Moreover, adopting this alternative might encourage different kinds of engagements, altering our perspective in a way that makes constructing reductions a much more flexible—and potentially more powerful—approach than has hitherto been the case.
There are currently no models predicting localised stressing induced in monopole foundations resulting from pile driving installation. A scaled down test was conducted for both circular and faceted monopile, during which monopile stressing was measured. From the stress data gathered fatigue damage was estimated. Fatigue damage of the faceted geometry is significantly larger than that of the circular geometry. It is shown that in the worst case the fatigue damage incurred is still negligible compared to the full service life of the foundation. Suggestions for future developments are made, such developments can be helpful in providing greater understanding of the occasional cases where fatigue damage resulting from pile driving is not negligible and has perhaps resulted in failure.
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