The complications of tracheostomy in children are substantial. Surveillance and prompt interventions are necessary to overcome life-threatening sequelae. A multidisciplinary (medical-surgical) approach provides better care for these highly vulnerable children. A consensus on pediatric tracheostomy care is needed.

Pathological complete response in the primary tumour failed to predict a response in the perirectal lymph nodes (p=0.08). The degree of response predicted a lymph node response (p=0.02). The detection of ypCR identified patients with a low rate of pelvic recurrence. This may in the future allow selection of patients for whom local excision can be performed without a higher risk of local relapse.

No abstract