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Climate change is expected to have significant influences on terrestrial biodiversity at 21all system levels, including species-level reductions in range size and abundance, 22 especially amongst endemic species 1-6 . However, little is known about how mitigation of 23 greenhouse gas emissions could reduce biodiversity impacts, particularly amongst 24 common and widespread species. Our global analysis of future climatic range change of 25 common and widespread species shows that without mitigation, 57±6% of plants and 26 adaptation. 34The IPCC 3 estimates that 20-30% of species would be at increasingly high risk of 35 extinction if global temperature rise exceeds 2-3°C above pre-industrial levels. However, 36 since quantitative assessments of the benefits of mitigation in avoiding biodiversity loss are 37 lacking, we know little about how much of the impacts can be offset by reductions in 38 greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, despite the large number of studies addressing 39 extinction risks in particular species groups, we know little about the broader issue of 40 potential range loss in common and widespread species, which is of serious concern as even 41 small declines in such species can significantly disrupt ecosystem structure, function and 42 services 7 . 43Here we quantify the benefits of mitigation in terms of reduced climatic range losses 44 in common and widespread species, and determine the time early mitigation action can "buy" 45 3 for adaptation. In particular, we provide (i) a comprehensive analysis of potential climatic 46 range changes for 48,786 animal and plant species across the globe, using the same set of 47 global climate change scenarios for all species; and (ii) a direct comparison of projected 48 levels of potential climate change impacts on the climatic ranges of species in six 21 st century 49 mitigation scenarios, including a 'no policy' baseline scenario in which emissions continue to 50 rise unabated (Fig. 1, Table 1). To calculate the climatic range changes, we employed 51MaxEnt, one of the most robust bioclimatic modelling approaches for cases where only 52 presence data (as opposed to presence-absence) are available 8 . MaxEnt models the 53 probability of a species' presence, conditioned on environment 8 so that in this paper 'climatic 54 range change' specifically refers to the change in the modelled probability of a species' 55 occurrence, conditioned on climatic variables. Eighty percent of the species studied have 56 climatic ranges in excess of 30,000 km 2 , which is the range size used by Bird Life 57International to delineate 'restricted range species', whilst less than 7% have ranges 58 occupying less than 20,000 km 2 ( Supplementary Fig. S1). Our study therefore focuses on 59 quantifying the effects on widespread species, which are in general more common and less 60 likely to become extinct than restricted range species 9 , in contrast to previous studies that 61 have only speculated that there may be effects such species [1][2][3][4][5][6] . In projecting future...

If nursing and healthcare practice is to be informed by research findings, then these findings must be reliable and valid. Researchers should report the details of missing data, and appropriate methods for dealing with missing values should be incorporated into the data analysis.

A worldwide demographic shift is in progress and the aged population proportion is projected to more than double across the next four decades. Our current healthcare models may not be adequate to handle this shift in demography, which may have serious consequences for the ageing population who are more prone to chronic diseases. One proposed remediation is to provide in-home assisted healthcare with technology-intervened approaches. Telemedicine, telehealth, e-health are paradigms found in scientific literature that provide clinical treatment through a technology intervention. In evidence-based medical science, these technology interventions are evaluated through clinical trials, which are targeted to measure improvements in medical conditions and the treatment's cost effectiveness. However, effectiveness of a technology also depends on the interaction pattern between the technology and its' users, especially the patients. This paper presents (1) a meta-synthesis of clinical trials for technology-intervened treatments of type 2 diabetes and (2) the Clinical User-Experience Evaluation (CUE). CUE is a recommendation for future telemedicine clinical trials that focuses on the patient as the user from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective and was developed as part of this research. The clinical trials reviewed were interpreted from a technology perspective and the non-medical or non-biological improvements of the users (patients) rather than the medical outcome. Results show that technology-intervened treatments provide positive behavior changes among patients and are potentially highly beneficial for chronic illness management such as type 2 diabetes. The results from the CUE method show how it complements clinical trials to capture patients' interaction with a technology.

The van der Waals vibrations of aniline–, phenol–, fluorobenzene–, and chlorobenzene–Ar1 complexes have been measured using one-color resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy, together with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, in a skimmed supersonic molecular beam. A delayed ionization extraction technique is used to suppress contributions to the spectra from dissociating complexes. The S1–S0 electronic origins for the van der Waals complexes are found to be shifted towards lower energy (red shift) relative to the parent molecule electronic origin for all the Ar1 complexes. The red shifts increase in magnitude in the order: fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, phenol, aniline. Progressions, overtones and combination transitions involving the low frequency van der Waals vibrations, i.e., the symmetric bend (bx), the asymmetric bend (by) and the stretch (sz) are observed clearly in the S1←S0 excitation spectra. Intensity profiles are found to deviate substantially from those expected on the basis of harmonic Franck–Condon factors. A model involving stretch–bend anharmonic coupling via cubic terms in the vibrational potential is found to account for the observed spectral features and intensity anomalies.

There is an increasing need for environmental measurement systems to further science and thereby lead to improved policies for sustainable management. Marine environments are particularly hostile and extremely difficult for deploying sensitive measurement systems. As a consequence the need for data is greatest in marine environments, particularly in the developing economies/regions. Expense is typically the most significant limiting factor in the number of measurement systems that can be deployed, although technical complexity and the consequent high level of technical skill required for deployment and servicing runs a close second. This paper describes the Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Technologies (SEMAT) project and the present development of the SEMAT technology. SEMAT is a “smart” wireless sensor network that uses a commodity-based approach for selecting technologies most appropriate to the scientifically driven marine research and monitoring domain/field. This approach allows for significantly cheaper environmental observation systems that cover a larger geographical area and can therefore collect more representative data. We describe SEMAT's goals, which include: (1) The ability to adapt and evolve; (2) Underwater wireless communications; (3) Short-range wireless power transmission; (4) Plug and play components; (5) Minimal deployment expertise; (6) Near real-time analysis tools; and (7) Intelligent sensors. This paper illustrates how the capacity of the system has been improved over three iterations towards realising these goals. The result is an inexpensive and flexible system that is ideal for short-term deployments in shallow coastal and other aquatic environments.

The host-guest interaction between cyclam and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid has been investigated by NMR titration, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and semi-empirical MO calculations; the product represents a system preassembled for metal-ion complexation.

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