Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the proper functioning of the immune system. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and AITD. Methods and Materials: A total of 306 patients (aged 18-65 years, mean - 37.6 ± 11.3 years) and comprising 87 males and 219 females)were studied retrospectively (observational study). Patients were divided into groups: with and without vitamin B12 deficiency, and with and without AITD. Differences between groups were evaluated by Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and by Student’s t-test for quantitative variables. Correlations for quintitative factors were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and for qualitative factors be Spearman correlation analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of vitamin B12 deficiency for AITD were calculated by ROC analysis. Results: The vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in patients with AITD (and 200.70+108.84 ) compared to controls (393.41+150.78 p<0.0001) Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were characterized by significantly higher mean values of anti-TPO ( 236.60+455.74) compared to controls (39.51+165.57 p<0.0001). Vitamin B12 levels were inversely correlated with anti-TPO levels ( r=-0.233, p<0.001). Roc analysis of vitamin B12 as a diagnostic test for AITD gave the area under curve as 0.881(95%CI: 0.839-0.924),a sensitivity of– 0.947 a specificity of– 0.768,and a cut off value of - 178.9. Conclusions: The vitamin B12 level correlates significantly with AITD. The concentration of vitamin B12 should therefore be determined in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis as a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and good specificity.
Patients with insulin resistance (IR) have a higher thyroid volume therefore the aim of our study is to examine the correlation between IR and thyroid volume in the residents of Georgia. Methods: 413 patients with a mean age of 37.3and 11.4 years were included in this study. Out of those, 120 were males, and 293 were females who were studied retrospectively. They had hyperinsulinemia and were referred to the clinic from 2017 to 2019. The factors studied were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), clinical signs, thyroid ultrasound, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipids, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Free thyroxine (FT4), and Zinc (Zn). objective: Patients were referred to the National Institute of Endocrinology of Georgia from 2017 to 2019 and were considered as patients who had hyperinsulinemia. We considered fasting hyperinsulinemia as compensatory hyperinsulinemia during IR. On the basis of which individuals with hyperinsulinemia were included in the study IR group. The control group consisted of 161 individuals with normoinsulinemia. Results: IR was detected in 252 individuals. The frequency of men with insulin resistance was significantly higher than in the control group - 72.50%, and 56.31%, respectively (F=9.55, p=0.0021). Mean thyroid volume in the patients with IR was significantly higher compared to the controls 20.52+6.39 cm3 and 15.25+6.55 cm3, respectively (p<0.001). Hyperinsulinemia had a significant positive correlation with Goiter r=0.445, p<0.0001. The associated factors for hyperinsulinemia are: Goiter (1) - OR=5.12 (95%CI:3.02-8.69); Cholesterol - OR= OR=3.31(95%CI:1.54-7.14); Triglycerides - OR=3.23(95%CI:1.02-10.28); Obesity (1)- OR=3.94(95%CI:2.23-6.98); Thyroid structural changes (1) - OR=2.01(95%CI:1.12-3.60); ALT/AST- OR=4.53(95%CI:2.33-8.80); Zn decreased Odds Ratio hyperinsulinemia - OR=0.95(95%CI:0.94-0.97); method: 413 patients (age range - 20-75 years; mean age - 37.311.4 years; 120 males, 293 females) - have been studied retrospectively Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia is the most common cause of diffuse goiter and the heterogeneous structure of the thyroid. The volume of the thyroid gland shows a significant positive association with the characteristics of metabolic syndrome and increased thyroid volume predictors of metabolic syndrome. result: The hyperinsulinemia was detected in 252 individuals. The IR rate was significantly higher in females than in males - 79.5% vs. 65.49% (p = 0.0021), respectively.
Objective: The one of the most important issues in traumatology is prevention and treatment of purulent-septic complications of traumatic diseases. The aim of our study was to establish correlations between osteomyelitis caused by bacterial flora and immunological factors. Methods: On the basis of a comprehensive study of bacteriological and immunological data in 100 patients with various etiologies osteomyelitis, using correlation analysis was determined: that the types of microbial complications following trauma and the date of the body's immune system depends on etiological factors. The frequency of microbes is different and depends on the localization of the injury and the surgical intervention. Results: frequency of the etiological factors in the contingent we studied, was distributed as follows: S. aureus-36,9%, S.Epidermidis-52,4, Ps. aeruginosa 27,4%, E. coli- 13,1%, Proteus- 27,4%. Associated infection (or co-infection e.g. S. aureus+S. Epidermidis, or St.Epidermidisis+Ps. Aeruginosa and etc) occurred in 22.6% of cases. A significantly high correlation coefficient was observed in patients who came to the clinics spontaneously or with delay, as well as with the early onset of the infectious process (up to two weeks) and surgical treatment. It also correlates positively with a decrease of following immunological parameters: NK, CD4+, CD8+ and CD 19+, the leucocytes phagocytic index is reduced and the blast transformation reaction of lymphocytes rate was increased. There is a significant correlation with benign outcome of treatment, which indicates that, the patient was sent for outpatient treatment (R=0, 79). Keywords: Trauma, Osteomyelitis, Microorganism, Etiological factor, Immune system data.
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