Second generation ethanol is produced from non-food based including waste from food crops, wood chips and agricultural residue. Lignocellulosic and starchy materials in them are converted to fermentable sugars which are further processed to produce bioethanol. Rice bran is an agricultural residue with abundant carbohydrate for bioconversion into ethanol. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of two varieties of rice bran (Sipi and Wita) to produce bioethanol. Compositional analysis of Wita rice bran showed 40% cellulose, 23% hemicellulose and 16% lignin content. Sipi variety contains 35% cellulose, 27% hemicellulose and 13% lignin content. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment was carried out at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) and residence time of (15, 30, 60, and 90min). It was observed from the present study, pretreatment of rice bran with 2% NaOH for 90min is considered as effective pretreatment condition for bioethanol production from rice bran. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic biomass was carried out for 72h with Saccharomyces cerevisae and Mucor indicus. Fermentation of Wita variety with S.cerevisiae produced highest bioethanol yield of 1.36% while Mucor indicus produced 0.75% bioethanol yield. From the result of these findings, it can be concluded that rice bran could be considered as a promising substrate for the fermentation of second generation ethanol.
The demand and use for energy is increasing continuously due to industrialisation, desertification, cost of electricity, depletion of petroleum resources, human population and increasing commercial activities. The basic and traditional sources of energy has been petroleum resources, natural gas, coal, hydro and nuclear, however, the major disadvantage of using petroleum based fuel is atmospheric pollution due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by inefficient burettes, hence inefficient indiscriminate burning of enormous amount of petroleum diesel has increased CO 2 level in the atmosphere which traps and prevent the heat from going to the outer atmosphere, thereby causing global warming. Algae were grown in waste and fresh water with NPK added to the tap water. The biodiesel was produced through the process of extraction, heating and transesterification. NaOH as a catalyst with methanol and hexane were added The result of this research revealed that 33% and 29% of was extracted from 11.5 grams 10.5 grams from the dry weight of algae from waste and fresh water respectively. It can be concluded from the result of this research that algae is a potential alternative source of biodiesel compared to oil from seeds. Biodiesel from algae is a perfect replacement or alternative to petroleum diesel. This is because algae are found everywhere, easy to cultivate in a small pond, and it is more effective than vegetable oil.
This research investigates the Cow dung, Cow pats or Cow pies as a waste product of Cattle which constitute undigested residue of plant material and excreted by the animal as a waste. One dung cake made by hand of an average size gives 2100 kj of energy. The organic waste can be a source of renewable energy for rural areas especially in developing countries like Nigeria provided the material is subjected to anaerobic digestion to produce biogas as a means of waste disposal and alternative source of energy. Before this initiative of digesting Cow dung, the waste material is used as a direct fuel in clay stoves or three stone stoves and traditional fertilizer among peasant farmers in Nigeria and Asian countries. However, when discovered as a cheap, reliable and safe source of domestic fuel, energy experts and consumers thought of commercializing and patenting the gas.
Second generation ethanol is produced from non-food based including waste from food crops, wood chips and agricultural residue. Lignocellulosic and starchy materials in them are converted to fermentable sugars which are further processed to produce bioethanol. Rice bran is an agricultural residue with abundant carbohydrate for bioconversion into ethanol. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of two varieties of rice bran (Sipi and Wita) to produce bioethanol. Compositional analysis of Wita rice bran showed 40% cellulose, 23% hemicellulose and 16% lignin content. Sipi variety contains 35% cellulose, 27% hemicellulose and 13% lignin content. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment was carried out at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) and residence time of (15, 30, 60, and 90min). It was observed from the present study, pretreatment of rice bran with 2% NaOH for 90min is considered as effective pretreatment condition for bioethanol production from rice bran. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic biomass was carried out for 72h with Saccharomyces cerevisae and Mucor indicus. Fermentation of Wita variety with S.cerevisiae produced highest bioethanol yield of 1.36% while Mucor indicus produced 0.75% bioethanol yield. From the result of these findings, it can be concluded that rice bran could be considered as a promising substrate for the fermentation of second generation ethanol.
This study involved the molecular identification of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae obtained from Kaduna State University Fish Pond for biodiesel production potential. The DNA of Chlorella microalgae was extracted and subjected to PCR. The molecular weight of the PCR product obtained was 1.8kb using 18S rDNA primer sets and BLAST analyses revealed 95% identity with Chlorella vulgaris. The Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in open aquaria tanks at the Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy. The biomass harvested was subjected to varying timings of Original Research Article
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