Lack of important nutrients such as protein, macro- and microelements in diets leads to lower efficiency of feed use, shortage of a significant part of livestock products and increase in their cost. The article contains the materials of research, the purpose of which was to develop protein-vitamin-mineral supplements and to study the effectiveness of feeding them as part of grain forage to young cattle. It has been established that the inclusion of new protein-vitamin-mineral supplements in the feed ration of animals has a positive effect on the palatability of feed, digestion processes, metabolism and animal health, as well as promotes getting average daily gain of 629-710 g with feed consumption of 8,77-9,97 feed units per 1 kg of gain and reduces feed costs by 20%.
The protein, vitamin and mineral supplements have been developed and it was studied the efficiency of feeding with them the young cattle in the composition of the grain production. The scientific and farm experiment has been carried out during 62 days. The study was conducted in four groups of bulls with 12 heads in each. The initial live weight at the beginning of the study was about 300–310 kg. Differences in feeding were in the fact that the grain forage for young animals of group I included PVMS No. 1, II – PVMS No. 2, III –PVMS No.3, IV – PVMS No 4. The grain feed is represented mainly by barley. The protein, vitamin and mineral supplement replenished 20 % of the deficient protein. It was discovered that concentration of hydrogen ions was practically at the same level in the rumen contents of steers of different groups. As for level of ammonia, VFA, total nitrogen, ciliates in the young cattle of I, II and III groups, the differences were insignificant. The concentration of ammonia of group IVcompared to I, II and III group was higher by 15.58, 23.61 and 21.9 %, VFA – by 6.7, 19.4 and 11.1 %, total nitrogen – by 3.32, 31.44 and 24.03 %, ciliates – by 4.35, 14.29 and 9.09 %, respectively. The research results showed that digestibility of protein, fiber and BEV was higher in the fourth group by 1–7 % compared with the rest groups (P>0.05). A slight increase in nitrogen deposition was found in IV group of young animals (by 4.7–11.9 %) receiving PVMS with AFA as a source of protein. The use of calcium and phosphorus by animals was almost at the same level. The research helped to determine that the average daily weight gain of animals of all the groups was within the range 629–710 g. The highest was in the fourth group consuming PVMS No. 4 with AFA as a protein component; the second place in terms is occupied by group I – 660 g, consuming PVMS No. 2, which included lupine, AFA and standard DKMK No. 1; PVMS No. 3 with depleted phosphate used as a source of phosphorus, took the last place in terms of this indicator – 629 g. Feed cost per 1 kg of weight gain was the lowest in IV group – 8.77 feed units, in I, II and III groups, it was higher by 8.32 %; 13.68 and 10.83 %, respectively. The cost of sold products from one animal during experiment turned out to be higher for steers that received PVMS No. 4 as compared to I, II and III groups by 6.82, 11.36 and 9.1 %, respectively. Keywords: feed additive, additives, steers, growth energy, digestibility, hematological parameters, live weight, productivity, cost price.
Изучение влияния пробиотического препарата ЭМ-курунга на приросты, анализы крови и помёта птиц проведено на примере цыплят техасских белых перепелов. В качестве объекта исследований использовались цыплята перепелов, начиная с суточного возраста. Средняя масса цыплят на начало эксперимента составила 9,2±0,12 г. Цыплят забивали в возрасте 90 суток. Установлено, что введение в рацион цыплят пробиотического препарата ЭМ-курунга в количестве 0,2 мл на 1 кг живого веса увеличивает сохранность молодняка на 14,8% и приросты птенцов – на 10%. Сравнительный анализ биохимических данных опытной и контрольной групп птицы показал, что введение в рацион опытной группы пробиотика практически не повлияло на белковый обмен. Общий белок у опытной птицы был недостоверно меньше, по сравнению с контролем, на 1,25%, та же картина наблюдалась по уровню альбуминов – меньше на 1,9%, глобулинов – на 1%. Сравнительный анализ показателя кислотности кала птиц опытной и контрольной групп показал достоверное различие. Так, у контрольной группы рН кала имел среднее значение 6,5, у перепелов опытной группы – 7,5. Таким образом, у опытной птицы, в сравнении с контрольной, активная кислотность кишечного содержимого достоверно сдвинулась в слабощелочную сторону, что свидетельствует о благоприятном воздействии пробиотика на микрофлору желудочно-кишечного тракта перепелов, снижая уровень патогенной микрофлоры, активно развивающейся в кислой среде. The study of the effect of the probiotic preparation EM-Kurunga on gains, blood tests and poultry litter was carried out using the example of White Texas quail chickens. Quail chickens starting at daily age were used as the subject of research. The average weight of chickens at the beginning of the experiment was 9.2±0.12 g. Chickens were slaughtered at the age of 90 days. It was established that the introduction of the probiotic preparation EM-Kurunga into the diet of chickens in the amount of 0.2 ml per 1 kg of live weight increases the safety of young animals by 14.8% and the gains of poults – by 10%. A comparative analysis of the biochemical data of the experimental and control groups of poultry showed that the introduction of the probiotic into the diet of the experimental group had practically no effect on protein metabolism. The total protein in the experimental poultry was insignificantly less than in the control by 1.25%, the same pattern was observed in the level of albumin – less by 1.9%, globulins – by 1%. Comparative analysis of the acidity index of poultry feces from the experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. So, in the control group the pH of feces had an average value of 6.5, in the quails of the experimental group – 7.5. Thus, in the experimental poultry in comparison with the control one the active acidity of the intestinal contents significantly shifted to the slightly alkaline side, which indicates a favorable effect of the probiotic on the microbiota of the quail gastrointestinal tract, reducing the level of pathogenic microflora actively developing in an acidic condition.
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