Среди факторов, ограничивающих реализацию потенциальных возможностей сорта, преобладают резкие колебания по годам количества осадков и температуры, а также воздействие патогенных организмов и вредителей, поэтому возникает необходимость создания сортов, обладающих комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков и широкой нормой реакции в контрастных условиях среды, а также адаптированных к различным технологиям возделывания. В статье дана оценка новым сортам озимой мягкой пшеницы и перспективному селекционному материалу, выделенному в ходе селекционной работы, проводимой в Белгородском государственном аграрном университете им. В. Я. Горина (БелГАУ). Основными объектами исследований служили районированные для 5-го региона Российской Федерации сорта озимой пшеницы: Одесская 267, Белгородская 16, новый сорт Майская юбилейная, а также перспективные сорта, выделившиеся в конкурсном сортоиспытании: Майская Д9, Майская Д15, Майская Д19. Изучаемые сорта размещали в конкурсном сортоиспытании на полях селекционно-семеноводческого севооборота БелГАУ. Вид полевого опыта — по сортоиспытанию в сочетании с лабораторными опытами. Исследования проводили по черному неудобренному пару. В ходе исследования вели фенологические наблюдения, структурно анализировали урожайность по методике Государственного сортоиспытания, определяли количество и качество клейковины в зерне пшеницы в соответствии с ГОСТ 13586.1–68, количество белка в зерне пшеницы — микрометодом Кьельдаля. Новые сорта обладают рядом преимуществ по комплексу хозяйственно-биологических признаков и превышают сорт-стандарт по урожайности на 4,1 – 7,0 ц/га и качественным показателям зерна. Новый селекционный материал также имеет высокий продуктивный потенциал и может быть рекомендован для передачи на Государственное сортоиспытание.
Bocconia is an evergreen plant belonging to the poppy family, and has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. The unique feature of plume poppy to cure various diseases can be explained by the alkaloids, sanguinarin and heleritrin, available in its green component. In the period of 2019 – 2021 in the Belgorod branch of the federal state budgetary scientific institution «All-Russian Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants» field studies were carried out to study the effect of AgroMaster complex fertilizer of grade 13-40-13 with microelements on the productivity of plume poppy. Complex fertilizers are an important reserve for increasing the productivity of crops, including medicinal and aromatic plants [4, p. 273]. Along with the main application of mineral fertilizers, a significant role belongs to plant fertilization, especially complex fertilizers with trace elements. The main components of complex fertilizers are macrofertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and others), which are necessary for proper growth and development of any crops. Auxiliary composition of complex fertilizers includes such important chemical elements as zinc, copper, manganese, and others. All of the above makes the use of complex fertilizers an indispensable method of increasing the productivity of cultivated crops [6, p. 194; 7, p. 138; 11, p. 55]. The objectives of the study are to study the peculiarities of adaptation, growth processes and yields of bocconia in specific agro-ecological conditions. Variants of field study included different doses of AgroMaster 13-40-13 fertilizer (from 2 to 5 kg/ha) with single and double treatment of plants to identify the optimal value. The greatest intensity of growth processes, as well as the growth of leafy mass has been found in the double treatment of plants at a dose of 2.0 + 2.0 kg/ha. Variant with maximum dose of fertilizer is 5,0 kg/ha at double treatment provided insignificant yield increase – 0,1 t/ ha against the background of the best variant.
Monitoring the species diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants contributes to the conservation of the gene pool of natural resources and their rational use. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been the only source of medicinal raw materials. Despite the intensive development of chemical synthesis, plant resources are in great demand both in the pharmaceutical industry and in the national economy. They serve as a raw material for the production of medicines, pharmaceutical substances, cosmetics and biologically active additives. They are also sources of biologically active substances, objects of introduction and stimulus for the development of medicinal plant breeding and import substitution of drugs of natural origin. The need for medicinal raw materials of plant origin is constantly increasing. Separately, it should be noted that some medicinal and aromatic plants cannot be cultivated due to their biological characteristics. Meeting the needs of the country's population and the needs of the pharmaceutical industry is an important strategic issue. The Belgorod branch of the All-Russian Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants carries out many years of research, which made it possible to carry out ecological and phytocenotic evaluation of the natural plant community and analyze it on the basis of species systematics, to identify the natural potential of the local flora with selection of the most promising species for cultivation under regulated conditions. The raw material base of medicinal and aromatic plants in Belgorod region consists of a fund of raw materials harvested from wild-growing plants and a fund of raw materials collected at the expense of cultivated medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are harvested not only for the pharmaceutical industry and direct sale through pharmacies, but also for the needs of the population.
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