Цель статьи -представить собственный опыт проведения микрохирургических операций у пациентов с нейроонкологическими заболеваниями или сосудистой патологией в сочетании с COVID-19 в условиях отсутствия единых стандартов работы в период пандемии, а также обобщить данные научной литературы по этой проблеме. Клинические случаи. Описано 5 случаев проведения операций у пациентов с пневмонией средней тяжести, вызванной SARS-CoV-2: 1) микрохирургическое клипирование мешотчатой аневризмы передней соединительной артерии, ставшей причиной массивного базального субарахноидального кровоизлияния с прорывом крови в IV желудочек; 2) микрохирургическое удаление глиобластомы правой височной доли; 3) удаление гематомы объемом 100 см 3 , располагавшейся в правых височной, затылочной и теменной долях головного мозга и обусловившей поперечную дислокацию мозга до 10 мм влево; 4) эмболизация микроспиралями разорвавшейся аневризмы передней соединительной артерии; 5) эмболизация микроспиралями разорвавшейся аневризмы правой средней мозговой артерии. Все операции проведены в средствах индивидуальной защиты и респираторах III класса защиты (FFP3). У 3 пациентов наблюдалась положительная динамика пневмонии, у 2 пациентов (с глиобластомой и субарахноидальным кровоизлиянием из аневризмы правой средней мозговой артерии) -отрицательная динамика. Из 5 пациентов 4 выписаны в стабильном состоянии, в 1 случае произошел летальный исход (несмотря на отсутствие коагулопатии, развилась массивная ишемия головного мозга с геморрагической трансформацией, что, вероятно, связано с дисфункцией эндотелиальных клеток, высокой сосудистой проницаемостью артерий головного мозга на фоне влияния SARS-CoV-2 на рецепторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента). Анализ научной литературы. Обобщая опыт исследователей, можно рекомендовать следующие изменения организации работы нейрохирургических отделений в условиях пандемии: 1) рассматривать всех пациентов как потенциально инфицированных; 2) проводить экстренные операции под местной анестезией и / или в отдельных операционных; 3) в экстренных случаях при сосудистой патологии мозга отдавать предпочтение эндоваскулярным вмешательствам; 4) оперировать в респираторах класса FFP2 / FFP3, защитных очках, двух парах перчаток, изоляционных костюмах и бахилах; 5) минимизировать количество персонала в операционной; 6) соблюдать особую осторожность при выполнении манипуляций, приводящих к повышенному образованию аэрозоля (краниотомия, коагулирование), снизить скорость вращения краниотома с целью сокращения выброса костной пыли, по возможности отказаться от вскрытия придаточных пазух носа и ячеек сосцевидного отростка; 7) поддерживать отрицательное давление (−5 Па) в операционной, минимизировать частоту размыкания дыхательного контура аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких, укрывать нос и рот пациента влажными салфетками; 8) разделить персонал на несколько бригад, работающих посменно; 9) изолировать персонал старше 65 лет; 10) отложить плановые операции на неопределенный срок и консультировать пациентов по телефону, госпитализировать ...
Background. Acromegaly is a rare disease associated with insulin‑like growth factor 1 hyperproduction due to the presence of pituitary adenoma in the patient. The first‑line treatment of such patients is surgical removal of the formation in order to normalize hormonal status. The main predictors of the ineffectiveness of surgical treatment and relapse of the disease are large tumor size, tumor invasion into the cavernous sinus, and high preoperative levels of growth hormone, as well as Ki‑6 % expression. The search for additional risk factors for disease recurrence, which according to various sources is approximately 30 % after primary surgical treatment, is an urgent task for researchers. In our work, we studied the intraoperative characteristics of the tumor, size of pituitary adenomas according to preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, degree of invasion of the tumor into the cavernous sinus according to the Knosp classification and compared them with disease outcomes after a year of follow‑up after surgical treatment.Aim. To identify new markers of aggressive progression of pituitary tumors.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical documentation, protocols of operations of 90 patients aged between 19 and 73 years with the diagnosis of growth hormone‑secreting pituitary adenoma was performed. The dia gnosis was confirmed based on clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental examination methods. All patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenoma by one surgeon in one medical institution between 2017 and 2019.Results. Intraoperative characteristics of the tumor, such as the color of the solid component, density, degree of vascularization were compared with the results of laboratory and instrumental data, as well as the results of surgical treatment after a year of follow‑up.Conclusion. Such intraoperative characteristics of growth hormone‑secreting pituitary adenomas as the purplish‑gray color of the solid component, high vascularization, as well as dense‑elastic consistency of the tumor, can be considered high risk factors for continued tumor growth in the first 6 months after surgical treatment or relapse of the disease during a year of follow‑up.
Background. Distal cerebral aneurysms are very rare. To date, there are very few publications on distal cerebral aneurysms and they are mostly limited to clinical case series.Aim. To analyze anatomical characteristics of distal cerebral aneurysms and surgical outcomes, as well as to identify risk factors for a poor outcome and develop a treatment algorithm on this basis; to determine the role of neuronavigation and revascularization in the surgical treatment of distal cerebral aneurysms.Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes of 153 patients with distal cerebral aneurysms treated in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (Moscow Healthcare Department) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019.Results. Distal cerebral aneurysms were identified in 4.5 % cases of all cerebral aneurysms; 81.7 % of patients with distal cerebral aneurysms were admitted to the hospital with ruptured aneurysms. The most frequent locations of distal cerebral aneurysms were pericallosal and middle cerebral arteries. Distal cerebral aneurysms were usually small (77.5 %), had a wide neck (31.8 %), and fusiform structure (15.7 %). Aneurysm clipping was performed in 74.5 % cases; parent artery trapping, in 23.5 % of patients; revascularization, in 5.9 % of patients. The main risk factors for a poor outcome included aneurysm size and location, patient grade on the modified scale of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (mWFNS), and presence of severe vasospasm.Conclusion. The developed surgical algorithm for distal cerebral aneurysms (based on the assessment of a poor outcome risk factors, the use of neuronavigation, arterial patency control, and revascularization) could improve surgical outcomes of patients with distal cerebral aneurysms.
Introduction. Volume of glioma resection positively correlated with treatment results. Advance in extent of resection due to various additive methods leads to prolonged overall survival and delays progression. Our aim was to evaluate the value of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Objective – to present the first experience of using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and evaluate the effectiveness and safeness of this technique in surgery of glial brain tumors.Material and methods. Prospective analysis of surgical interventions performed using the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and the results of neuroimaging in 9 patients with different grade brain gliomas treated in Federal Brain and Neurotechnology Center was carried out.Results. In all patients we detect variable residual tumor volume after first resection. Additional resection was performed in all cases after the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Mean scan time were 45 minutes overall time for scan were decreasing as we gain experience in using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion. Intraoperative high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging can be successfully used in the surgery of brain gliomas. The technique allows increasing the radicality of tumor removal without increasing the risk of complications.
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