The paper proves the scheme and proposes a technique of engineering calculation of the working element for layer-by-layer soil-free tillage in conditions of insufficient moisture. Soil treatment causes significant changes in the volume ratio of the solid, liquid and gaseous phases influencing the chemical, physico-chemical and biological processes, accelerating or slowing down the rate of synthesis and destruction of organic matter. Soil cultivation creates favorable physical conditions for soil fertility. It continues to be one of the most important ways to control weeds, pests and diseases of crops. However, the use of known working elements for soil cultivation does not allow to intensify all the factors ensuring the increase and reproduction of effective fertility. The most effective way to achieve this can be the use of a working organ that decompresses the lower horizons, providing differential crumbling of soil layers, creating a mulch layer on the surface and increasing erosion resistance, i.e. layer-by-layer loosening. This improves the structure of the soil, moisture accumulation and aeration of the root layer, which activates the processes of nitrification and will allow plants to use additional nutrients.
Polymeric materials are advised to be used in the construction of operating devices for energy-saving soil cultivation. Purpose of work is to develop the design of new operating devices with polymer materials. Development of the design of new operating devices with polymeric materials is carried out by replacing part of the metal parts with ultra-high molecular polyethylene of low density. New operating devices carry out several technological operations in one pass. The design of the new operating device contains a rack with a chisel for deep tillage. The front of the rack is equipped with removable plowshare blades. Clod crusher with a possibility of movement and thrust plate are located at the chisel. In the upper part of the rack the ripper for surface tillage is mounted with the possibility of replacing. Ultra-high molecular polyethylene of low-density was installed on the chisel and clod crusher of the tillage operating device, the thrust plate and the ripper for surface tillage are made entirely of polymeric material. Decrease to 18.28% of draught resistance of the operating device with polymeric materials was established.
Operating devices for soil cultivation in arid conditions should not carry the lower layers to the surface of the field, since this leads to the loss of moisture due to its evaporation. Purpose of work is to determine the moisture content in the soil after using new operating devices. There been developed technique of determining the moisture content in the soil after exposure to operating devices by studying the movement of soil layers in the vertical direction and comparing their moisture. The movement of soil in the vertical direction is quantified by a comparative study of the moisture content in the upper and lower layers of the treated formation before and after exposure to operating devices. Using appropriate equipment, there were determined the moisture content in the most susceptible to evaporation surface layer of 0–5 cm and then the average value of the layer-by-layer measurement up to a depth of 25 ÷ 35 cm, depending on the selected operating modes of the operating device.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.