The problem of the complex use of mineral raw materials is significant in the context of many industries. In the rare earth industry, in the context of limited traditional domestic reserves and dependence on imports of lanthanides, an unambiguous and comprehensive solution has not yet been developed. Promising areas include the involvement of technogenic raw materials in the industrial turnover. The present study examines the kinetics of the dissolution process of poorly soluble lanthanide compounds when changing the parameters of the system. The results obtained reflect the dependence of the degree of extraction of lanthanide on the following variable parameters of the system: temperature, concentration of the complexing agent, and intensity of mixing. On the basis of the experiment, the values of the activation energy and the reaction orders were calculated. The activation energy of the carbonate dissolution process, in kJ/mol, was as follows: 61.6 for cerium, 39.9 for neodymium, 45.4 for ytterbium. The apparent reaction orders of the carbonates are equal to one. The prospect of using the research results lies in the potential to create a mathematical model of the process of extracting a rare earth metal by the carbonate alkaline method.
The article provides the fundamental possibility of the associated extraction of Rare Earth Metals during carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum and red muds. There are the isotherms of solubility of carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides of europium, neodymium, holmium, cerium, and ytterbium obtained in carbonate solutions. By changing the carbonation conditions, Rare Earth Elements are transferred to a carbonate solution in the form of water-soluble complexes. Then they can be recovered by precipitation. Also, there were found the optimum conditions with the maximum degree of recovery into the solution.
The research of the properties of the complex alumínate solutions obtained through Bayer process or sintering process, will enable to determine the optimal parameters for the process, to increase the efficiency of the production and will be instrumental in high quality alumina production. The key stages of the alumina production through Bayer process which define its efficiency are digestion and decomposition processes. The main properties of the obtained products and amount of losses of the commercial components are established on these stages.
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