Fecundity in pigs is a trait of major economic interest but low heritability. For the improvement of fecundity, genetic markers for selection are desirable and therefore, several searches for genetic variation influencing fecundity have been performed. The aim of this review is to compare and to evaluate all published QTL analyses and candidate gene approaches concerning reproductive traits in sows. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive cytogenetic map comprising 54 QTL and 11 candidate genes with influence on reproductive traits. The evaluation and comparison of the results showed similarities, but also marked differences among studies. Reasons for different results are multicausal and are due to differences between resource populations, number of evaluated animals, mating systems, measured phenotypical traits and environmental influences. We could show that chromosome 8 and to a lower extend chromosome 7 are the most important chromosomes with regard to reproductive traits in pigs. For further research, fine mapping of the identified QTL regions is necessary in order to confirm and to narrow the most likely chromosomal intervals. Although difficult to perform, an advance would be a standardization of the experimental setup in particular, in respect to the collection of phenotypic data. Furthermore, we suggest to publish the information on further identified QTL and candidate genes as comprehensive and accurate as possible in order to allow a more transparent comparison and collation of the results.
Summary Linkage maps have been constructed for Sus scrofa chromosome 6 (SSC6) based on 17 markers, of which 10 were used in all three F2 families of Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses. The coverage of the linkage maps of SSC6 was almost complete. All loci were ordered identically in the families, but two intervals (RYR1‐A1BG‐EAH, S0146‐S0003‐SW824) differed from published maps. Major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for meat quality, stress resistance and carcass composition explaining up to 59% of F2 phenotypic variance have been mapped in the M × P and W × P families centred on the segregating RYR1 T and C alleles. In the W × M family, which was homozygous for the RYR1 C allele, no QTL effects for meat quality and stress‐resistance, but moderate effects for carcass composition have been observed in this region. These findings indicate further loci closely linked with the RYR1 or/and further alleles at the RYR1 locus, involved in the variation of carcass and growth traits.
This study aimed at the identification of genetic variations in the myostatin (MSTN) gene and testing their effects on carcass quality traits. We comparatively sequenced Giant Grey (GG) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits that were founders of a cross-bred population. Alignment of our sequence data with the GenBank sequence of the rabbit MSTN gene (Ensembl Gene ID ENSOCUG00000012663) identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The two novel SNPs (c.-125T>C, c.373+234G>A) and one known SNP (c.747+34C>T) were subsequently analysed for linkage with carcass composition traits in 363 F2 animals of the cross GG × NZW. Significant linkage was found between c.373+234G>A and nine carcass composition traits (P < 0.05). No significant effects were found for c.-125T>C and c.747+34C>T. Because the linked SNP is located in intron 1 and no genetic variation was found in the coding region, further investigations are necessary to understand the functional effect of the c.373+234G>A variant on the variability of the traits.
The study was aimed to determine the effect of reciprocal-crossing rabbits on growth and slaughter traits. The experiment was conducted on 120 New Zealand White (NZW) and Californian (CAL) medium-sized rabbits and their F1 reciprocal crosses (CAL × NZW and NZW × CAL). The rabbits were fed pellets ad libitum, and slaughtered at body weight around 2.5 kg. The following traits were recorded: body weight and average daily gain at birth to slaughter, average feed consumption from weaning to slaughter, slaughter age, carcass weight, meat, bone and fat content of carcass, prime cuts weight (fore part, loin and hind part), and dressing percentage. The results indicated that reciprocal crossbred CAL × NZW and NZW × CAL rabbits were heavier than purebred animals. NZW × CAL crosses attained the slaughter body weight earlier, and had lower feed consumption. The dressing percentage in NZW × CAL crosses was highest, while the lowest in NZW rabbits. For other slaughter traits, except the fat content of carcass, effects of crossing rabbits were small. The magnitude of the crossbreeding effects depended on the direction of crossbreeding. Maximum effects in crosses for slaughter age, body weight, feed consumption and dressing percentage were obtained when the Californian breed was used as a maternal component. Keywords
The aim of this study was to investigate, if special genotypes of the genes glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) are associated with litter size in a commercial pig cross population. For this purpose, a total of 123 F 2 sows were divided into two extreme performance groups, one with a high litter size (n = 61, ≥ 14.3 piglets per litter) and one with a low litter size (n = 62, ≤ 11.3 piglets per litter) and genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. The Chi-square test was used in order to investigate, if a special genotype occurs significantly more often in one of the two performance groups (p < 0.05). Whereas no association was found between different ESR2 or GPX5 genotypes with one of the two performance groups, the number of sows with AB genotypes at the FUT1 gene was significantly increased in the high performance group in comparison to the low performance group.
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