Ukraine does not have a methodological approach to the food security monitoring, including the regional level, which should meet the criteria and dimensions of the GSDs-2030.The purpose of the article: to identify problems in the field of food security in each particular region based on to carry out an integral assessment of the of food security in accordance with the criteria and measurements of the GSDs -2030.The authors developed a methodological approach to the food security monitoring and evaluation at the regional level, which includes a rating assessment of the food supply of the regions by the 9 indicators over the last five years (on the average and in the dynamics). Appropriate calculations and proposals for solving the identified problems in the field of food security in each particular region were made.
The leading regions of Ukraine’s agricultural production are the most eye-catching for attracting foreign investments, introducing innovative technologies and entering international markets. Research of the main factors, characteristics and experience which determine the agricultural guidance of the regions provide information to the potential investors for the accomplishment of investment and innovation programs, identify problems and ways to solve them for further expansion of the agricultural sector. The study applied the method of estimating the level of agricultural production in terms of gross agricultural output per one person of the rural population (GAO per one person of the rural population). The evaluation of the leadership of agricultural production in the regional aspect was carried out on the basis of the Ukraine’s regional allotment into three groups, formed by the ranges of the ratio of GAO per one person of the rural population to its average value in Ukraine. A group of regional leaders from 15 oblasts (regions) that form the leading agricultural district (Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Cherkasy, Chernihiv) has been established. In these oblasts, agricultural products worth UAH 525298.1 million are produced. (77.1% of the volume in Ukraine), is sold for export for USD 8181.0 million (40.3% of Ukraine’s agricultural exports). It is determined that in the leading district the area of agricultural lands is 27.2 million hectares, 82.7% of which are arable lands of fertile chernozem. The structure of production has changed towards crop production, the most profitable and export-oriented one. The rural population has shrunk to 7.1 million, reducing its labor potential. More than 77% of agricultural machinery is concentrated in the district, but this is on the background of its overall reduction by 3.5 times or even more (in 2019 compared with 1990). The main problems in land use are: high degree of plowing of agricultural lands (the highest in five oblasts reaches 81.5-88.1%), violation of the system of scientifically justified crop rotations, insignificant application of organic fertilizers (0.1-1.3 t/ha), which intensifies soil degradation processes. Investments in the leading agricultural district of 15 oblasts amount to UAH 45.3 billion, or 77.3% of the total volume in Ukraine, but their main part (65.4%) is own funds of enterprises and organizations and only 0.7% are the funds of foreign investors. The influence of farms’ categorical factors and the scale of commodity production on certain types of products is analyzed and a significant influence on the leadership of large agricultural associations (agricultural holdings) is revealed. The system of internal and external factors influencing the leadership of the regions is generalized in our study. The measures of the state agrarian policy should be intended to transition to production of products with high added value, optimization of land use system, improvement of investment climate, rendering of the state help to agrarian producers, development of infrastructure and system of logistics, information and legal support of agrarian export, introduction of innovative technologies in the field of decision making in farming.
The purpose of the article – to carry out the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural land use sustainability in the post-socialist camp countries. Methodology. During the study, the following methods were used: dialectical, abstract and logical, system analysis, index, and graphical comparison. Monitoring and evaluating of the agricultural land use sustainability involves periodic tracking relevant indicators based on available official statistics, central authorities’ information, local authorities and carrying out, on the basis of monitoring, the ranking in the postsocialist camp countries by comparing the obtained results with their best values. Monitoring and evaluating of the agricultural land sustainability conducted to monitor the process of sustainable agricultural development goals implementation, problems’ identification of regions agricultural land use and their causes, improving the efficiency of administrative decisions of central executive authorities, local authorities and the land market actors. Elements of scientific innovation. Existing methods for determining the integral indicator for comparing the land use sustainability and own method was suggested, by which the relevant calculations and conclusions were made. The proposed methodology ensures the implementation of appropriate objectives and indicators for monitoring the Global Sustainable Development Goals 2016–2030 achievement in Ukraine. Practical significance. The availability of the integral environmental and economic indicators at the macro level is ideal for people who make decisions in terms of consideration of the environmental factors on the country’s development. The main goal of an integral indicator for comparing the sustainability of land use development in the regions of Ukraine creating is to ensure the possibility of ranking these regions in order of their total potential decreasing and thus defining “depressed” for providing the state aid to them. Conclusions. According to the given methods, it has been proved that agricultural land use in the countries of the post-socialist camp has a positive dynamics but the sustainability indicators for all indicators have not achieved yet. It has been defined that Estonia, Latvia, and Slovenia got the first three places; and Croatia, Lithuania, and Romania got the last places in the ranking of sustainability of the agricultural land use for the countries of the post-socialist camp. In accordance with settlements for solving the problems in the area of agricultural land use, the state should focus on less developed regions where the environmental situation is difficult, productivity and land return reduced, slowed population growth, and which have an excessive migration.
За земельними ресурсами Україна належить до найбагатших держав світу. Однак низька культура землеробства та велика експлуатація земель УДК 332.36 І. М. Семенчук, к. е. н., доцент кафедри економіки підприємства, Чорноморський національний університет імені Петра Могили, м. Миколаїв, Україна Д. О. Бабіна, Школа молодого вченого, факультет економічних наук, Чорноморський національний університет імені Петра Могили, м. Миколаїв, Україна
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