The hydrolytosphere as a multicomponent system is very complex in its structure. Management of hydrolysis processes involves consideration of three aspects: improving the methods for determining the parameters of hydraulic communication of aquifers, capacitive and filtration properties; improvement of methods for constructing mathematical models; development and improvement of principles and methods for constructing control systems for hydrolytospheric processes. It is known that mathematical models describing hydrolithospheric processes, as a rule, do not have an analytical solution. To describe the dynamic characteristics of the object under consideration, the structure of a non-standard approximating link is considered. The technique for determining the parameters of the link in question is used to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of the “production well-formation” process. The distributed hydrolithospheric process and the concentrated, scalar effect on this process are considered. The input influence on the control object is the production well output, the output function is the deviation of the level at the well sampling point. The parameters of the approximating link can be calculated either using the results of the experiment at the working well or using the simulation results of the process under consideration.
The paper gives the data on the conditions of the rivers flowing on the territories of Federal level resort of Kislovodsk. The degree and character of their pollution have been assessed. The main sources of pollutants supply have been identified and analyzed as well as designated on the town’s map. Dynamics of the dramatic deterioration of the river water quality has been analyzed with the Belaya River as a study case. Anthropogenic origin of the most of pollutions has been stated.
The paper proposes a technique for determining the hydrodynamic parameters under conditions of the hydraulic coupling of the aquifers. A test modeling has shown that the existing methods of determining the flow parameter (Teys, Jacob, Hantush) give significant errors. They can be used only under the assumptions that are made in the derivation of the known calculated dependencies. The accuracy of the determining the overflow parameter has been shown to be largely determined by the ratio of the water loss of the aquifer under study and the adjacent one, which is a source of additional nutrition. For a whole range of tasks, such as income of the poor-quality polluted waters from the donor horizon or studying the dynamics of the mineral water conditioning composition, the processes of overflow can be a determining factor. The proposed technique is free from these shortcomings, but requires a cycle of cluster testing filtration work on all interacting aquifers.
The results of long-term environmental monitoring of small rivers in the Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts region are presented. The characteristics of the surface water and groundwater at the resorts are considered. The degree and nature of their pollution were evaluated, and the main causes of water pollution in the region—including heavy-metal compounds, petroleum products, and nitrogen-containing compounds—were identified and analyzed. Data on mineral water from a number of production wells that are not compliant with the requirements of GOST R 54316-2011 are given. The analysis of hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical regimes of exploitation of the Kislovodskoye field, recommendations for improving the quality indicators of the main source of the “Narzan” field are given.
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