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It is assumed by theory, that entropy noise emitted by combustion systems increases rapidly with rising Mach number in the nozzle downstream of the combustion chamber. Model experiments have been carried out to verify the existence of this sound generating mechanism. A dedicated test facility was built, in which entropy waves are generated in a controlled way by unsteady electrical heating of fine platinum wires immersed in the flow. Further experiments have been carried out in a model combustor test rig where a broadband noise phenomenon, presumably related to indirect noise generation mechanisms, was found.

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The paper investigates the indirect combustion noise, which is generated during the acceleration of the convected entropy nonuniformities of the combustion products in the outlet nozzle of the combustion chamber. The generation mechanism of the indirect noise is proven experimentally and through numerical simulation. Probe microphones and fast thermocouple probes were used to measure pressure and temperature fluctuations. The generation of indirect noise is verified via the phase relationship between thermocouple and microphone signals. The flow field in the combustion chamber is simulated by means of an unsteady RANS computation. Self excited oscillations are used for the computation of the direct and indirect noise generation of the combustion chamber. Since the related frequencies are low and the corresponding scales much larger than the turbulent scales, a CAA-method is employed for both the propagation of sound waves as well as entropy perturbations. It is shown that the CAA method is capable to describe the acoustical properties of the combustion system found in the experiments when the URANS simulation is used as input. The experimental results also show that indirect combustion noise may contain high frequency noise contributions, which are generally attributed to turbine noise.

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