Up to now, coronavirus infection that causes an acute respiratory syndrome has been detected almost in all countries worldwide. Global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a world pandemic and there is no efficient and commonly accepted conventional therapy against COVID-19. Due to the existing emergency most drugs that can potentially be used to treat COVID-19 are allowed to be applied only basing on certain data probing their safety and efficiency against SARS-CoV. At present only Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdesivir are the only anti-virus drugs that are included into well-recognized management procedures for COVID-19 treatment; an acceptable alternative could probably be combined therapy that includes Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin. Given the existing situation, a lot of drugs that are usually used to treat other diseases are now being suggested as probable ways to treat COVID-19 taking into account all the available knowledge on pathophysiology of the infection. In this review, basing on available data on how SARA-CoV-2 virus enters a cell and pathophysiological aspects of cytokine storm development, we have strived to highlight certain prospects related to applying anti-viral medications, anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing drugs, vitamins and microelements that are widely used to treat and prevent various diseases. Most tested drugs as well as zinc preparations, and vitamins С and D3 turned out to have not only immune-modulating but also anti-inflammatory properties; or either they were able to block ways for the virus to enter a cell or disrupt SARS-CoV-2 intracellular replication. Having leant from previous experience in fighting against SARS and MERS, doctors have applied some existing drugs to treat COVID-19 infections in their clinical practices; clinical tests aimed at confirming their safety and efficiency in treating COVID-19 are still being performed at the moment. Although a lot of various treatment procedures have been suggested, it is necessary to perform specifically planned randomized clinical trials based on evidence-based medicine principles, if we want to determine the most suitable ones.
Up to now, coronavirus infection that causes an acute respiratory syndrome has been detected almost in all countries worldwide. Global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a world pandemic and there is no efficient and commonly accepted conventional therapy against COVID-19. Due to the existing emergency most drugs that can potentially be used to treat COVID-19 are allowed to be applied only basing on certain data probing their safety and efficiency against SARS-CoV. At present only Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdesivir are the only anti-virus drugs that are included into well-recognized management procedures for COVID-19 treatment; an acceptable alternative could probably be combined therapy that includes Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin. Given the existing situation, a lot of drugs that are usually used to treat other diseases are now being suggested as probable ways to treat COVID-19 taking into account all the available knowledge on pathophysiology of the infection. In this review, basing on available data on how SARA-CoV-2 virus enters a cell and pathophysiological aspects of cytokine storm development, we have strived to highlight certain prospects related to applying anti-viral medications, anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing drugs, vitamins and microelements that are widely used to treat and prevent various diseases. Most tested drugs as well as zinc preparations, and vitamins С and D3 turned out to have not only immune-modulating but also anti-inflammatory properties; or either they were able to block ways for the virus to enter a cell or disrupt SARS-CoV-2 intracellular replication. Having leant from previous experience in fighting against SARS and MERS, doctors have applied some existing drugs to treat COVID-19 infections in their clinical practices; clinical tests aimed at confirming their safety and efficiency in treating COVID-19 are still being performed at the moment. Although a lot of various treatment procedures have been suggested, it is necessary to perform specifically planned randomized clinical trials based on evidence-based medicine principles, if we want to determine the most suitable ones.
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