<span>Echocardiography is a method of examination using high-frequency sound waves to capture images of the heart organ structure. Echocardiography video is used by a doctor to analyze heart wall cavity movements and identify heart disease. Several points of view including the long axis, the two and four cavities in the left ventricle can be used in the examination of heart function. Cardiac assessment is still performed conventionally, which requires a level of thoroughness. This research proposes a method for tracking the movement of the heart wall. In this method, the good feature was defined only in the first frame. Furthermore, the whole frame will be processed by the optical flow method. Good feature definition consists of image enhancement, segmentation and tracking processes using the optical flow. Furthermore, the calculation of contour similarity from the proposed method by forming contour manually using 24 point initialization to draw the heart cavity. The proposed method shows the calculation results with a sensitivity of 90% and an accuracy of 87.451%.</span>
Intravenous therapy aims to inject fluids such as medicine or nutritions into the body via vein vessel. This procedure is needed in various cases whether in an ordinary or emergency. Every person has a different difficulty level thus a nurse usually encountered a problem when locating the position of vein vessel. A visualization device that able to work in realtime and have high mobility is really necessary for an emergency situation to speed up the intravenous access. In this study, a stand-alone veins visualization system was developed. The back-projection method that can adjust based on distance was used to speed up the visualization process. The distance between the device and the object is obtained by an ultrasonic distance sensor. The results of this projection method with a flat surface have maximum shift of 0.48 mm. While on various surfaces, projection shifts under 0.9 mm reach 89% from 140 measurement points. Projection shifts that reach more than 0.9 mm occurred due to the sensor readings are on steep curvature or large angles between segments and sensors.
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