A new synthetic procedure toward substituted dithiophthalides, 5,6-dialkyloxydithiophthalide and 5,6-dithioalkyldithiophthalide, is presented. 5,6-Dithiooctyldithiophthalide was obtained from 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid in an eight-step reaction with an overall yield of 26%. 5,6-Dioctyloxydithiophthalide was obtained from 4,5dihydroxyphthalic acid dimethyl ester in a seven-step reaction (overall yield ϭ 15%). Both monomers were polymerized by a thermal and nonoxidative polymerization that resulted in soluble poly(isothianaphthene) derivatives with a band gap of about 1.2 eV. Photoinduced absorption measurements revealed the existence of charged excitations upon illumination. The photoinduced charge generation, combined with the extensive light-harvesting properties and the easy processability, makes these materials quite promising for photovoltaic applications.
Malathion enantiomers were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphoryl anion to diethyl (R)-or (S)-2-bromosuccinate. Malaoxon enantiomers were obtained from optically active malathions in thionoÈthiolo rearrangement with 65% Desmethylation of malathion HNO 3 . enantiomers by triethylamine, following the remethylation using methyl iodide gave isomalathion diastereomeric pairs. Physicochemical characteristics of the compounds obtained, and their inÑuence on rats and some species of arthropods, are presented.1998 SCI ( Pestic. Sci., 53, 165È171 (1998)
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