The results of research on the development of less water-intensive rice irrigation technology with periodic irrigation, allowing to reduce the cost of irrigation water in 3-5 times are presented. This irrigation technology solves a number of environmental problems associated with the formation of water deficit in the sources of irrigation, the water table rise, salinization, waterlogging, acidification and utilization of polluted waste and drainage water. During the development of water-saving technologies of rice irrigation special attention is paid to the development of high crops and systems of plant protection from weeds. The article provides recommendations for maintaining a less intensive water regime of soil with a humidity not lower than 80% HB from sowing to the end of the tillering stage in a layer of 0.4 m with a subsequent increase to 0.6 m, from wax to full ripeness of grain not lower than 70% HB. The combination of such water regime with fertilizer rate N109P62K75 provides a rice yield of 5.0 t/ha, a rate of N131P74K90 – 6.0 t/ha and a rate of N157P90K108 – 7.0 t/ha.
The article is devoted to using wastewater of the Orenburg Gas Chemical Complex in the amount of up to 7.0 million m3 for irrigating agricultural crops with the purpose of additional cleaning of wastewater and increasing the yield of agricultural crops. Analyzing the obtained data, it is shown that in the arid climate with rainfall deficiency, the use of wastewater for irrigation of forage crops is the best variant in providing the necessary measures for preserving the ecological status of the agricultural sewage farms (ASF). As a result of own research over years 1982 – 2015, the influence on the ecological state of ASF soils was detected in the form of deterioration of the water-physical properties and increased content of easily soluble salts in the soil; with that, the content of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals is significantly lower than MPC, but slightly above the background values, which does not affect the quality of sorghum harvest. Pollutants accumulate in the top layer of soil; therefore, the impact on surface water bodies has not been established. The authors suppose that maintaining the ecological state of ASF requires some measures like the introduction of calcium-containing substances and optimization of the irrigation conditions. The practical importance of scientific research is that based on the obtained results, a project of ASF soil rehabilitation has been developed and put into production.
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