Aim: This study aims to determine the presence of some vitamins and minerals in both T. stans and C. afer leaves. Materials and Methods: Composition of some vitamins and minerals of ethanolic extract of T. stans and C. afer leaves were evaluated and collected at Malabo Campus, University of Calabar, Calabar and from Eman-Uruan local government area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria respectively. The parameters investigated were determined using standard biochemical methods. Results: The leaves contained a variety of vitamins (A, D, E, B complex and C) with vitamin E-(276.33.±3.28 mg/100 g) for Tecoma stans and (265.67±5.49 mg/100 g)for Costus afer. T. stans recorded higher concentration in mg/100 l for the determined vitamins except for vitamin D, whose Original Research Article
The lipid profile status of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans and Costus afer leaves using seventy (70) male wistar rats divided into five (5) parallel group consisting of diabetic (DC) and non diabetic (ND) groups of seven (7) rats per group. Group I received placebo (Control) Group II received insulin (humulin 5mg/kg body weight) Group II received Ts 250mg/kg Body weight) Group IV, received Ca (200mg/kg Body weight) Group V received combined extracts TS (150mg/kg body weight) A and a (100mg/kg body weight). The extracts were administered orally while insulin was subcutaneously. The treatment lasted for 21 days after which the animals were sacrificed and whole blood was collected for biochemical analysis. There was no significant increase in total cholesterol among insulin, Tecoma stans and combined therapy when compared to NC. HDL-C was significantly (P<0.05) higher in non diabetic group treated with Costus afer and combined therapy compared to NC, insulin and Tecoma stans in the non diabetic group while the total cholesterol levels in the serum was significantly (p<0.05) higher in diabetic control group and those administered insulin, Tc and Ca compared in NC. HDL-C concentration in Tecoma stans and Costus afer treated group were significantly increased (P<0.005) compared to NC in diabetic study group. From the result obtained from the study, it may be concluded that the ethanolic extracts of Tecoma stans and Costus afer leaves has hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective properties and may be able to alleviate oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin in wistar rats.
Background of the Study: Lead effects were assessed by analyzing the impacts of the extract on the liver enzyme concentrations and hematology parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty five male wistar rats weighing 85-110 g were distributed into five groups consisting of seven rats each. Group I served as control group, group II served as the test group, groups III, IV and V served as treatment groups. Lead acetate solution was given to the rats orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg of fruit extracts for 14 days. On day 15, biochemical analysis were carried out. Results: Effects of extracts showed that ALT,AST and ALP concentration in group II was observed to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control and treatment groups with values. The hematology results showed that lead did not cause a significant reduction in the packed cell volume, white blood cell and red blood cell counts. However, the group treated with carrot and garden egg showed slight increase in RBC and WBC count when compared with the positive and negative control groups. Conclusion: From the results above, it showed that the fruits extract have hematopoietic potentials and hence aid in the hepatoprotection of the liver of lead induced Wistar rats.
Objectives: The objectives of this research is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of T. indica on weight, lipid parameters, some electrolytes and urea of Wistar rats Design & Methods: Twenty-five Male Adult rats were grouped into four consisting of six rats each. Group I served as control group, group II was administered 100mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, group III was administered 150mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, and Group IV was administered 200mg/kg of the Aqueous extract. The administration took place for seven days, and on the eight day, The Animals were sacrificed. The blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analysis using a visible spectrophotometer. Results: From the result, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in body weight of Wistar rats. In the Test Groups; Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low-density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to Group 1 which is the control Group but had a significant decrease (p<0.05) compared within test groups. For electrolytes concentrations, potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Urea concentrations was significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: the results above ,T. indica extract may help to maintain healthy weight, may have hypolipidemic properties, may help in body homeostatic and fluid balance and may also prevent renal damages.
Aim: The objective of this study is to assess Jatropha tanjorensis's phytochemical components, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective properties. Methods: 35 albino Wistar rats were placed into five groups of seven rats each. Each group received the following treatment: Group A served as the control group, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg were given to groups B and C, respectively. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis extract were given to groups D and E. Using accepted methods, the phytochemical components, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective properties of J. tanjorensis were identified. Results: J. tanjorensis was found to include biochemical building blocks like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and saponins after undergoing a qualitative phytochemical screening. With the exception of group C, the results showed a substantial (P< 0.05) drop in cholesterol levels when compared to the control group. Group A's HDL concentration levels increased significantly (P< 0.05) when compared to the other groups.In treated group D (8.70±6.54) after extract administrations, ALP levels were significantly (p 0.05) lower than in the normal control group (15.00±8.00). Although there was a considerable decline in other groups, the ALT activity was found to be significantly lower in treatment group E (5.33±1.33). Treatment groups B (14.003.61) and E (14.003.61) saw a minor but significant decline in AST activity, but treatment groups C (24.33±3.53) and D (36.67±17.34) saw a more significant increase. Conclusion: The study concludes that plant extracts may be used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases because they have the potential to lower cholesterol and have hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, phytochemicals may be used as drug precursors, templates for synthetic modification, and pharmacological probes.
Quercetin, one of the most taken flavonoid with diet, belongs to the family of flavonols. Quercetin occurs as a glycoside or as an aglycone and is gotten from various dietary sources such as apples, berries, onions, kale. Quercetin is being reviewed based on its bioavailability, metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the body's immune response to an irritant; this could be a pathogen or foreign object. An inflammatory response is either acute or chronic depending on the duration of inflammation and prolonged inflammatory response can lead to various diseases that are harmful to the body. Studies have shown that quercetin exerts good anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-allergic activity by acting on leukocytes, targeting signaling kinases as well as membrane proteins crucial for an inflammatory response and acts as a scavenger of free radicals. Quercetin also down regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory factor while up regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factor and this aids in maintaining homeostasis. Although poorly bioavailable due to its rapid metabolism, quercetin is an effective modulator of inflammation. Keywords: Quercetin, inflammation, antioxidants, flavonols, free-radicals
Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of methanolic root extract of Holarrehna floribunda on the level of some serum sex hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and lipid profile in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty- four male and female Wistar rats (150-250 g body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control male) took normal rat chow and drinking water. Group 2 (control female) took normal rat chow and drinking water, Group 3(Male test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda extract, Group 4(Female test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda. The feeding regimens lasted for 5weeks. Results: The values for the lipid profile shows CHOL in Group 1 and Group 3 were 4.02±0.41 mmol/l and 5.75±0.09 mmol/l, Group 2 and Group 4 were 3.87±0.22 mmol/l and 5.80±0.10 mmol/l respectively, TRIG for Group 1 and Group 3 were 1.30±0.05 mmol/l and 2.11±0.15 mmol/l for Groups 2 and 4 were 1.15±0.03 mmol/l and (2.10±0.12 mmol/l,HDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 30.01±0.82 mg/dL and 39.88± 1.24mg/dL,for Groups 2 and 4 were 29.98± 0.77 mg/dL and 38.20± 1.83 mg/dL, LDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 2.26±0.37 mmol/L and 4.17±0.35 mmol/L respectively, for Groups 2 and 4 were 3.27±0.47 mmol/L and 4.06±0.21 mmol/L respectively, shows significant increase(p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3 and 4.The values obtained showed significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3and 4The serum concentrations of FSH, Estradiol, LH and progesterone in the control Group 2 were 0.38 ±0.07mIU/mL, 7.83±0.35 mIU/mL, 15.50±0.15 Pg/mL and 0.86±0.03 ng/mL respectively, and in test Group 4 were 0.77±0.04mIU/mL, 8.75±0.17 mIU/mL, 21.09±0.79 Pg/Ml 0.33±0.05 ng/mL. Follicle stimulating hormone levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) in test group compared with control. While in Group 1 and 3, the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in control Group 1 were (0.51 ±0.06) mIU/mL, (16.44±0.31) mIU/mL and (8.41±0.50) ng/mL respectively and in test Group 3 were 0.88±0.06 mIU/mL19.88±1.46mIU/mL and10.68±0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract improves the level of sex hormones in both the male and female rats. which could enhance reproductive functions in normal rats and those with loss of reproductive function.
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