ABSTRAKPenyakit metabolik seperti diabetes mellitus cenderung meningkat, dengan angka kejadian dan kematian yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai diabetes mellitus dengan penggunaan hewan model tikus sangat banyak. Agen diabetagonik eksprimental yang digunakan ada aloksan dan streptozocin (STZ).Efek samping penggunaan STZ dilaporkan lebih rendah dibandingkan aloksan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat respon tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan terhadap induksi agen streptozotocin sehingga membuat tikus dalam kondisi diabetes mellitus eksperimental. Injeksi agen streptozotocin dilakukan secara intra peritoneum dengan dosis 45 mg/kg BB. Sebelum diinduksi dengan STZ tikus dipuasakan dan diukur kadar glukosa darah. Kadar glukosa darah tikus harus dalam kisaran normal. Tikus putih yang digunakan sebanyak 88 ekor. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah tikus dilakukan hari ke-3 pasca injeksi STZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tikus putih memberikan respon peningkatan glukosa darah sebagai indikasi diabetes mellitus ekperimental. Tikus putih yang mengalami hiperglikemia sebanyak 54,8% dengan rincian 21,5% ringan, 11,8% sedang dan 21,5% berat. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa agen Streptozotocin sangat tepat digunakan untuk membuat hewan coba tikus dalam kondisi diabetes mellitus eksperimental. ABSTRACTTrend of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus were growth up, with morbility and mortality rate are higher. Most of research about diabetes mellitus are used to rat. Experimental diabetagonic agent was use like aloksan and streptozocin (STZ). The side effect of STZ are less than aloksan. The purpose of this study was to see the response of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) male against streptozotocin agent to make the rats in the experimental conditions of diabetes mellitus. Injection of streptozotocin agent carried by intra peritoneal with dose of 45 mg/kg. White rats have sarver before induction STZ. Level of blood glucose are measure before induction STZ (day 0) and third day after induction STZ. The number of rats is 88 individuals. The results showed that rats provide a response to the increase in blood glucose as an indication of experimental diabetes mellitus which is indicated by a percentage value. White rats experiencing hyperglycemia as much as 54,8 % with the details of 21.5 % mild, 11.8 % moderate and 21.5 % by weight . These results indicate that a very precise Streptozotocin agent used to make experimental animals in the experimental conditions of diabetes mellitus.
Aims:The purposes of this study were to determine the anticancer activity of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge isolate and identify the responsible compounds.Materials and Methods:The metabolites were extracted using methanol maceration at room temperature. The separation and purification of metabolites were performed using fractionation and column chromatography. The toxicity was examined using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the toxic isolates were tested for anticancer activity against HeLa cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the compounds in the isolate.Results:When the methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol, the chloroform fraction was the most toxic, with a concentration that results in 50% lethality (LC50) value of 39.81 ppm. After separation of the chloroform extract, fraction B (FB) was the most toxic, with an LC50 value of 44.67 ppm. The isolate from FB showed anticancer activity with a concentration at which 50% of growth was inhibited (IC50) of 2.273 ppm. In total, 21 compounds were identified in anticancer isolates: Nonanedioic acid; tetradecanoic acid; trans-phytol; 2-pentadecanone-6,10,14-trimethyl; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; 2,3,7-trimethyloctanal; palmitic acid; docosanoic acid, ethyl ester; 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene; chloromethyl 4-chlorododecanoate; 1-tricosene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide; 1-docosene; heneicosane; phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester; dodecane,4,6-dimethyl-; n-tetratriacontane; 1-iodohexadecane; and n-heneicosane.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the isolate of X. testudinaria can be used as a natural anticancer toward HeLa cell.
Some viral diseases in poultry could lead to huge losses to the farmers. Newcastle Disease (ND) and Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) are a group of infectious viral disease that can cause the decreasein egg production. Newcastle Disease is caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) Paramyxoviridae family. The causative agent of EDS is Duck adenovirus-I Adenoviridae family. Both of these diseases affect the economic losses to the poultry. The main action to prevent hens from ND and EDS virus diseases is vaccination. The success of vaccination can be tested by serology. ND and EDS virus characteristically agglutinate hen's erythrocyte they have Hemagglutine protein on virus envelope so can be tested by hemagglutination. The study was conducted on a commercial poultry farm in order to determine the success of vaccination against ND and EDS. The hens were vaccinated by Newcastle Disease-Infectious Bronchitis-Egg Drop Syndrome (ND-IB-EDS) inactivated vaccines. Serological test was conducted in pre and post vaccination by using microtiter hemagglutination test. The antibody titre is expressed in units of HI log2. The results of the study, the mean antibody titer against ND pre vaccination was 4,53 ± 1,356 HI log2 and antibody titre in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th week were 8,67 ± 0,617 HI log2, 7,73 ± 1,335 HI log2 and 5,20 ± 0,862 HI log2 post vaccination. Antibody titre against EDS pre vaccination was 0 ± 0,000 HI log2 and antibody titre post vaccination in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th week were 7 ± 1,363 HI log2, 7,27 ± 1,438 HI log2 and 7,6 ± 1,056 HI log2. It showed that ND-IB-EDS inactivated vaccines is serological protective for ND and EDS titres. Keywords: Newcastle Disease, Egg Drop Syndrome, ND-IB-EDS inactivated vaccines, serology. AbstrakBeberapa penyakit virus pada unggas dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang sangat besar pada peternak. Penyakit Newcastle Disease (ND) dan penyakit Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) adalahkelompok penyakit virus menular yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan produksi telur. Penyakit ND disebabkan oleh Avian Paramyxovirus tipe 1(APMV-1) familia Paramyxoviridae. Agen penyebab penyakit EDS adalah Duck Adenovirus familia Adenoviridae. Kedua penyakit tersebut berdampak terhadap kerugian ekonomi pada peternakan ayam. Tindakan utama untuk mencegah penyakit ND maupun EDS dengan vaksinasi. Keberhasilan vaksinasi dapat diuji secara serologi. Virus ND dan EDS dapat mengaglutinasi eritrosit ayam karena mempunyai protein hemaglutinin pada amplop virus sehingga dapat dijui dengan uji hemaglutinasi dan hambatan hemaglutinasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada peternakan ayam petelur komersial guna mengetahui keberhasilan vaksinasi terhadap ND dan EDS. Ayam divaksinasi dengan vaksin Newcastle Disease-Infectious Bronchitis-Egg Drop Syndrome (ND-IB-EDS) inaktif. Uji serologi dilakukan pra dan pascavaksinasi menggunakan uji hemaglutinasi teknik mikrotiter.
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