Marine organisms, in particular nudibranchs (Mollusca: nudibranchia), are known as a rich source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites exhibiting potential as antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiviral and anticancer activity. We presented the chemical investigation of an extract of nudibranch Hypselodoris infucata collected from Bali, an unexplored water but rich in nudibranch diversity. The extract contained the known (-)furodysinin (1), a furanosesquiterpene that for the first time isolated from this species. Metabolite 1 was purified by chromatography and the structure was characterised by comparison of 1 H NMR data with that of the reported data. The absolute configuration was determined by comparing the optical rotation values with the known enantiomer. In vitro cytotoxic activity of compound 1 against HeLa cell line displayed an IC50 at 102.7µg/mL. We also report for the first time the development of a method to assay nudibranch extracts for their feeding deterrence activity against local shrimps Penaeus vannamei. The extract show food rejection with highly significant difference in respect to the control (P = 0.0061) at natural concentration of 3.0mg/mL.

AbstrakRekrutmen karang merupakan masuknya individu karang baru ke populasi terumbu karang karena reproduksi atau migrasi. Kemampuan rekrutmen karang adalah kemampuan dari suatu koloni individual atau suatu sistem terumbu karang untuk mempertahankan diri dari dampak lingkungan, menjaga kemampuan pemulihan dan perkembangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2011, bertujuan mengetahui pola penyebaran planula karang, jenis, kelimpahan dan pola bertahan hidup planula karang serta kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biologis perairan. Penelitian dilakukan pada kedalaman 5 meter dengan 3 buah rak penelitian pada setiap stasiun penelitian. Sebuah rak terdiri dari 24 buah substrat dengan 4 posisi yang berbeda terhadap arus. Planula karang yang ditemukan terdiri dari jenis 9 karang dan 109 individu. Planula karang ditemukan pada semua stasiun penelitian dengan jumlah terbesar pada Stasiun 3 sebanyak 59 individu. Kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biologis perairan di Lovina relatif masih mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan planula karang untuk dapat menjadi koloni karang. Kata kunci: planula karang, rekrutmen karang, terumbu karang AbstractCoral recruitment is the entry of new individuals to coral reefs populations due to reproduction or migration. Coral recruitment capabilities are the ability of an individual colony or coral reef systems to defend against environmental impacts, recovery and development capabilities. The experiment was conducted in March until October 2011, aims to determine the pattern of spread of coral planula, species, abundance and patterns of coral planula survive as well as physical, chemical, and biological. The study was conducted at a depth of 5 meters by 3 pieces of rack of research on each research station. A rack consists of 24 pieces of the substrate with 4 different positions to the current. Coral planulas are found to be composed of nine coral species and 109 individuals. Coral planula found in all the research station with the largest amount in 3 of 59 individual stations. Physical, chemical, and biological in Lovina coastal area relatively still support the growth and development of coral planula to be a coral colony.

Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam kelautan yang dimiliki Kabupaten Buleleng, dimana sumberdaya alam ini mempunyai peran penting baik ditinjau dari aspek konservasi, produksi maupun pariwisata dan rekreasi. Penelitian Struktur Komunitas Terumbu Karang di Pesisir Kecamatan Buleleng, bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan kondisi ekosistem terumbu serta struktur komunitas ekosistem terumbu karang di Pesisir Kecamatan Buleleng. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang untuk dapat memberikan data sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengembangan kawasan terumbu karang yang lestari.  Metode yang akan dipergunakan adalah manta tow survey, line intercept transect, survey sensus dan analisa sifat fisik kimia perairan. Penelitian menunjukkan penutupan karang hidup di pesisir Kecamatan Buleleng dari 3 stasiun penelitian dengan kategori buruk sampai baik, pada kedalaman 3 meter berkisar antara 16,78 % sampai 51,98 % dan kedalaman 10 meter dengan penutupan 19,06% sampai 22,98%.  Ikan karang yang berasosiasi dengan karang ditemukan 34 jenis dengan jumlah 665 individu pada stasiun 1, stasiun 2 dengan jumlah 359 individu dari 26 jenis, serta di stasiun 3 ditemukan 36 jenis dengan 186 individu.  Kondisi fisik dan kimia air laut yang masih dalam ambang batas kategori toleransi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan terumbu karang.

Artificial reef from natural product bioreeftek is very easy to apply and can be found in many tropical coastal areas namely coconut shells with natural coral recruitment. The purpose of this study was to calculate the percentages of coral cover, ratio and clustering. At the two research sites in North Bali, Pemuteran - Napoleon reef, depth 5-6m-reef slope found 13 species of live coral from 9 bioreeftek: Porites sp 32%, Pocillopora damicornis 13%, Seriatopora sp 10%, Acropora palifera, Acropora sp, Goniastrea sp, Favia sp, Pachyseris sp = 6%; Montipora sp - Echinopora sp - Favites sp - Fungia fungites and Leptoseris sp = 3%. At the Lovina - Adirama Temple, depth of 6m-reef flat was found in 14 species from 14 bioreeftek: Acropora palifera 24%, Pocillopora damicornis 21%, Porites sp 7%, Montipora sp 4% - Acropora sp - Pavona sp = 3%, Platygyra sp 2%, Acropora humilis - Millepora = 1%. Cluster Analysis showed all corals on two sites are correlated in percent cover, characteristics, influences and occurrences. Artificial reefs with natural materials such as coconut shells are necessary developed in addressing the degradation of coral reef ecosystem. The added value of bioreeftek is insertion/inserted method of coral.

Pantai Penimbangan terletak Desa Baktiseraga, Kecamatan Buleleng merupakan kawasan pusat kota Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali yang memiliki hamparan pasir hitam. Kegiatan konservasi penyu di kawasan ini meningkatkan gairah masyarakat dalam menjaga kelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang. Salah satu biota yang beriteraksi di ekosistem terumbu karang adalah nudibranch. Keberadaan nudibranch di Pantai Penimbangan diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif potensi wisata yang bisa dikembangkan, sehingga antusiasisme masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian ekosistem pesisir akan terus terjaga.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperkuat data dasar ekologi tentang keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan nudibranch. Penelitian populasi nudibranch dinilai dengan sensus visual mengikuti line intercept transect. Penelitian nudibranch di Pantai Penimbangan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 famili yaitu  Chromodorididae, Phyllidiidae, Discodorididae, Aeolidiidae, Elysiidae, Aglajidae, Bornellidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Hexabranchidae, Limapontiidae, dan Pleurobranchidae, dengan 42 jenis. Kelompok Chromodorididae dan Phyllidiidae adalah kelompok yang umum dijumpai di Perairan Pantai Penimbangan.  Kedua kelompok ini memanfaatkan patahan karang yang menjadi subsrat perairan sebagai tempat berlindung. Komposisi substrat sangat menentukan kekayaan nudibranch, kategori substrat yang menentukan keberadaan nudibranch adalah dead coal with alga, sponge, dan hard coral. Tingginya persentase dead coral with alga, dan sponge berbanding lurus dengan keanekaragaman nudibranch, dan hard coral berbanding terbalik dengan keanekaragaman nudibranch.  Kriteria indeks keanekaragaman tinggi dengan nilai 2,6199, Indeks keseragaman 0,7055 dan nilai dominansi 0,0342.  Tingkat kelimpahan tertinggi pada jenis Hypselodoris tryoni. Penimbangan Beach is located in Baktiseraga Village, Buleleng District, which is the downtown area of Buleleng Regency, Bali which has a stretch of black sand. Turtle conservation activities in this area increase the enthusiasm of the community in preserving the coral reef ecosystem. One of the biota that interacts in the coral reef ecosystem is the nudibranch. The existence of nudibranchs at Penimbangan Beach is expected to be an alternative tourism potential that can be developed, so that public enthusiasm for preserving coastal ecosystems will continue to be maintained. This study aims to strengthen the basic ecological data on the diversity and abundance of nudibranchs. The study of the nudibranch population was assessed by visual census following the line intercept transect. Research on nudibranchs at Penimbangan Beach showed that there were 12 families namely Chromodorididae, Phyllidiidae, Discodorididae, Aeolidiidae, Elysiidae, Aglajidae, Bornellidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Hexabranchidae, Limapontiidae, and Pleurobranchidae, with 42 species. Chromodorididae and Phyllidiidae groups are common groups found in Penimbangan Beach. Both of these groups take advantage of coral fractures which become the substrate of the waters as a shelter. Substrate composition greatly determines the richness of nudibranchs, the substrate categories that determine the presence of nudibranchs are dead coral with algae, sponges, and hard corals. The high percentage of dead coal with algae, and sponges is directly proportional to nudibranch diversity, and hard coral is inversely proportional to nudibranch diversity. The criteria for the high diversity index are 2.6199, the uniformity index is 0.7055 and the dominance value is 0.0342. The highest abundance level was in Hypselodoris tryoni.

Limbah cair tambak udang vaname (L. vannamei) merupakan hasil buangan dari proses budidaya yang umumnya langsung dibuang ke perairan umum. Limbah tersebut masih mengandung sejumlah unsur hara yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan organisme pada tingkatan trofik dibawahnya, salah satunya adalah mikroalga Chlorella sp. Namun, pada limbah tersebut masih ditemukan sejumlah organisme yang mengganggu pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. sehingga limbah harus disterilkan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan untuk menumbuhkan mikroalga tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis limbah cair tambak udang vaname steril dalam produksi Chlorella sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu A (dosis limbah 25%), B (dosis limbah 50%), C (dosis limbah 75%), dan D (dosis limbah 100%); masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlakuan D memberikan produksi Chlorella sp. tertinggi yang dapat dilihat dari kepadatan sel dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik pada saat puncak pertumbuhan, yaitu 2.833.333 sel/mL dan 0,472. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah cair tambak udang vaname steril dengan dosis 100% dapat digunakan untuk mengkultur Chlorella sp. skala laboratorium dengan menghasilkan produksi mikroalga tertinggi. Diharapkan limbah yang berasal dari hasil budidaya udang vaname dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengkultur mikroalga sehingga mengurangi pencemaran yang terjadi di perairan umum sekitarnya. Liquid waste of vaname shrimp ponds (L. vannamei) is the result of waste from the cultivation process which is generally discharged directly into public waters. The waste still contains a number of nutrients needed for the growth of organisms at the lower trophic level, one of which is Chlorella sp. However, in these wastes there are still organisms that interfere with the growth of Chlorella sp. therefore the waste must be sterilized before using it to grow the microalgae. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of liquid waste of sterile vaname shrimp ponds in the production of Chlorella sp. This study used an experimental method with 4 treatments, namely A (25% waste dose), B (50% waste dose), C (75% waste dose), and D (100% waste dose); each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of the study stated that treatment D gave the production of Chlorella sp. the highest can be seen from cell density and specific growth rate at the peak of growth, which is 2,833,333 cells / mL and 0.472. The results of this study can be concluded that sterile liquid waste of vaname shrimp ponds with a dose of 100% can be used to culture Chlorella sp. laboratory scale by producing the highest microalgae production. It is expected that waste derived from vaname shrimp culture can be used to cultivate microalgae so as to reduce pollution in the surrounding public waters

Artificial live rock is an artificial live rock that is shaped like living rock in nature. Artificial live rock is designed to mimic natural living rock which is capable of being a substrate for corals, a habitat for epibenthic and the biological filter of a saltwater aquarium.  The purpose of this research is to know the technique of making artificial live rock and the development of artificial live rock that are suitable for export on an export scale. The method used in this research is an experimental method with quantitative descriptive analysis. The level of suitability and product standards uses a simultaneous regression coefficient test analysis or the F test.  The manufacture of artificial live rock does not have a special pattern, but artificial live rock is made as attractive as possible and resembles the shape in nature. Product standardization is carried out by using artificial live rock materials consisting of: 1 kg of pumice stone, ½ kg of cement, ½ kg of sand, 500 grams of calcium and 1.5 liters of water. The type of substrate that is good and ideal for algae on the surface of artificial live rock is an area with a bottom of coral sand mixed with coral rubble. Artificial live rock can be harvested for 3 months in water, with the characteristics of the surface of the artificial live rock covered algae which is then cleaned and placed in a treatment pond before being exported

Kawasan Pesisir  Kecamatan Buleleng terdiri dari Pantai Desa Kalibukbuk, Anturan, Tukad Mungga, Pemaron, Baktiseraga, Banyuasri, Kaliuntu, Kampung Anyar, Kampung Bugis, Kampung Baru, Banyuning, dan Penarukan merupakan kawasan perairan yang berada di pusat Kabupaten Buleleng.  Perairan Kecamatan Buleleng memiliki karakteristik subsrat perairan berupa hamparan terumbu karang, patahan karang, pasir yang didominasi oleh pasir hitam, dan berlumpur.  Kondisi subsrat memiliki potensi pengembangan wisata muck dive sebagai alternatif wisata bahari yang berkelanjutan.  Muck dive merupakan jenis penyelaman yang dilakukan di subsrat berlumpur dengan berfokus untuk menemukan jenis langka dan samar yang jarang ditemukan di terumbu karang.  Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi muck dive dengan memperkuat data identifikasi jenis, kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman organisme yang dapat dijadikan sebagai ikon obyek wisata selam.  Peneltian menggunakan metode underwater visual sensus dengan mengikuti line transect. Penelitian menunjukkan Perairan Kecamatan Buleleng memiliki potensi pengembangan wisata muck dive dengan karakteristik di setiap perairan desa yang beragam berdasarkan tipe subsrat perairan.  Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman jenis organisme sebagai obyek muck dive tertinggi terdapat di Pantai Desa Baktiseraga, Banyuasri, dan Kaliuntu, sedangkan terendah di Desa Kampung Anyar, Kampung Bugis, Kampung Baru, Banyuning, dan Penarukan. Potensi wisata muck dive layak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif  wisata bahari yang dikelola secara berkelanjutan.   The coastal area of Buleleng districts consists of Kalibukbuk, Anturan, Tukad Mungga, Pemaron, Baktiseraga, Banyuasri, Kaliuntu, Kampung Anyar, Kampung Bugis, Kampung Baru, Banyuning, and Penarukan are water areas located in the center of Buleleng Regency. The Buleleng districts water have the characteristics of the water substrate in the form of coral reefs, coral fractures, sand dominated by black sand, and muddy. Substrate conditions have the potential to increase muck dive tourism as an alternative to sustainable marine tourism. Muck dive is a type of diving that is carried out in muddy substrates with a focus on finding rare and rare species that are rarely found in coral reefs. This study aims to determine the potential of muck dive by strengthening the identification data of species, abundance and diversity of organisms that can be used as icons of diving tourism objects. The research uses the underwater visual census method by following the line transect.The research shows that the Buleleng districts waters have the potential to develop muck dive tourism with different characteristics in each village waters based on the type of substrate. The highest abundance and diversity of organisms as muck dive objects was found in Baktiseraga, Banyuasri, and Kaliuntu Beaches, while the lowest was in Kampung Anyar, Bugis, Kampung Baru, Banyuning, and Penarukan villages. This potential to be the one of alternative for marine tourism which is must managed sustainably.