Background: The human dermatoglyphic traits present variations within and between populations and could be used for estimating the genetic distances between populations. Aim: This study aims to characterize the dermatoglyphic traits in the Tunisian population and to analyze eventual differences between men and women and between individuals according to their geographical distribution. Subjects and Methods: Several dermatoglyphic traits have been determined and analysed for 343 Tunisians belonging to six groups distributed on different Tunisian regions. For statistical analysis, the percent frequency, chi square test and t-test were used. The cluster analysis was applied on D 2 Mahalanobis distance matrix. Results: The chisquare test revealed high significant differences between the sexes for the frequencies of arches in the case of the fifth finger and for the frequencies of loops in the case of the fourth left finger and the first left finger. The difference of the distribution of whorl type between men and women was statistically significant for the fourth left finger. While no significant differences were found between sexes in finger ridge counts. Conclusion: The intra-Tunisian population analysis shows that Tunisians living in the North and the expanded East Centre of Tunisia are genetically very close, while Tunisians from the extreme East Center and the South of Tunisia are relatively less close to them. This conclusion agrees with that deduced from recent molecular marker analyses and shows that the multivariate analysis of a high number of quantitative digito-palmar dermatoglyphic traits represents a powerful and shrewd tool in intra-population analyses.
-The mating system was studied in four populations of Hedysarum coronarium under the mixed-mating model (MMM) and the effective selfing model (ESM) by analysis of progeny arrays. Multilocus population outcrossing rates ranged from 0.822 to 1.013. Pollination experiments indicated that H. coronarium is self-compatible, and therefore the high outcrossing rates were attributed to inbreeding depression. This view was supported by high levels of seed abortion in self pollination when compared to open pollination. The effective selfing rate ranged from E = 0.026 to E = 0.183. Positive covariance of selfing with gene fixation (D = 0.085) was observed in one population and could be attributed to subpopulation structure and mating between relatives. Estimates of the level of multiple paternity under the correlated mating model (CMM) was assessed at the progeny array level. The correlation of the outcrossed paternity (r p ) ranged from 0.029 to 0.342 and according to the outcrossing rates, up to 80% of the total seeds in a progeny array may have different male parents.
-Eleven populations of Hedysarum coronarium L. collected from North Africa and Southern Italy were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analyses on a data set for 25 quantitative traits. Broad sense heritabilities were estimated and ranged from 0.072 to 0.703. Seven principal components were found to explain 81.5% of the total variation. On the basis of these 7 principal components, populations were clustered at a similarity level estimated by euclidian distances. Three clusters were identified. Genetic divergence between these clusters was quantitatively measured by using Mahalanobis D 2 distances.cluster analysis / Hedysarum coronarium / heritability / morphological variability / multivariate analysis Résumé -Étude quantitative de quelques caractères agronomiques chez le Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.). Vingt cinq caractères morphologiques ont été mesurés chez 11 populations de Hedysarum coronarium collectées de l'Afrique du Nord et de l'Italie du Sud. Les données obtenues ont été soumises à une analyse univariée et une analyse multivariée. L'héritabilité au sens large a été estimée ; elle varie entre 0,072 et 0,703. L'ACP révèle que 7 composantes principales absorbent 81.5 % de la variance totale. L'application de la méthode de classification hiérarchique sur la matrice des distances euclidiennes a permis de répartir les populations en 3 groupes. L'utilisation de la distance de Mahalanobis D 2 a permis d'estimer la divergence génétique entre ces groupes.
Abdessattar Rejeb received his doctorate in Sociology from the Faculty of Human & Social Sciences of Tunis, He is member in CERES, Tunis. He is coordinator of the Group of Studies on Socio-Education at ISAJC. Following many studies relating to the socio-Anthropology of infancy, he studies the socio-epidemiology of the infantile autism.Imene Namouchi obtained her doctorate in genetics from the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis.
In conclusion, the data suggest that a variation in class I HLA antigens could be a genetic factor involved in susceptibility to otosclerosis in the Tunisian population.
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