No abstract

The problem of energy saving while reducing environmental pollution forces not only to look for ways of more rational use of traditional energy resources but also to find other preferably renewable and inexpensive sources of energy. The reserves of fossil fuels are not unlimited and therefore one of mankind tasks is to find new energy renewable sources to meet the growing needs of modern society and future generations. Particular interest in this regard is plant biomass. This review presents the results of studies of the practical application of plant biomass for biofuel production. Production of bioethanol from plant raw materials (in particular molasses - the waste of sugar production), the use of traditional and non-traditional oilseeds for biofuel production are considered. The most promising approach for the conversion biomass based on the dehydration of carbohydrates into furan derivatives is presented also.

The effect of aliphatic and heterocyclic amines on the selective oxidation reaction of alcohols by the catalytic system 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-acetylamino-TEMPO) - iodine was researched. Diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (pKa 11.01-11.12 ) and pyridine, 4-acetylpyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline ( pKa 4.8-5.4) were used for research. An almost waste-free method was developed for preparation esters from aliphatic alcohols by oxidizing in a two-phase medium CH2Cl2 - an aqueous solution of NaHCO3 by a two-mediator 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl - iodine catalytic system, which allows selective oxidation alcohols in one stage. The results of the study may find application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, since the developed method is environmentally and economically beneficial, and the oxidation of alcohols in order to obtain various carbonyl and carboxyl compounds in these industries is one of the priority areas.

One of the possible ways to solve environmental problems in oil industry is the introduction of technologies that are safe for the environment. Of particular interest in this regard are technological liquids (drilling fluids) on a polysaccharide basis with use of natural polymers. The most accessible for the application of polysaccharides are starch, xanthan and guar gum, ritizan. These structure-forming biopolymers have a set of unique properties that allow to effectively manage the rheological characteristics of drilling fluids. The article analyses the results of research on the practical application of the most available biopolymers in oil production. The main characteristics of polysaccharides are considered, their influence on the efficiency of oil production is estimated. It shows the advantages of the rheological properties of drilling fluids based on xanthan gum and ritizan.

Review: 78 refs.

No abstract

No abstract

АннотацияВыполнен анализ технологий переработки отходов животноводческих хозяйств, кратко изложены особенности каждой из них. Использование описанных технологий переработки навоза ограничено для отходов свиных хозяйств, ввиду их высокой щелочности и наличия паразитов. Представлен более перспективный подход к переработке отхода. Суть предлагаемого метода лежит в предварительном разделении жидкой и твердой фазы, что позволяет значительно уменьшить потребление энергии, и последующем сжигании твердого остатка. Указаны направления использования продуктов в различных сферах. Метод рассчитан для применения в крупных животноводческих комплексах, имеет ряд экологических и экономических преимуществ. Ключевые словаОтходы животноводства, переработка, синтез-газ, твердый остаток. AbstractThe analysis of technologies for processing wastes of livestock farms is made, the features of each of them are briefly described. The use of the described manure processing technologies is limited for pig farm waste, due to their high alkalinity and the presence of parasites. A more perspective approach to waste processing is presented. The essence of the proposed method lies in the preliminary separation of the liquid and solid phases, which allows to significantly reduce energy consumption, and subsequent combustion of the solid residue. The directions of using the products in various spheres are indicated. The method is designed for use in large livestock complexes, has a number of environmental and economic advantages.