Simulation method is a powerful tool for the study of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging to compare different reconstruction algorithms and methods and to optimize image quality, acquisition protocol and patient radiation dose. Mathematical modeling and computer simulations of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging are performed in this paper. Mathematical model of torso (MMT-1) to describe a Tc-99m distribution in a thoracic part of a patient body is designed. A realistic pathological case with the myocardial left ventricle defect is modeled and studied. Data acquisition (DA) model which includes the effect of non-uniform attenuation, 3D collimator-detector response and Poisson statistics is developed. DA model was verified by comparison of the calculated point source images with the standard clinical 'Syringe test' measurements, performed in the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulation Pathology. The projection data for the MMT-1 phantom were calculated for 60 views in accordance with the standard myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging protocol. The simulated data are in a good agreement with the clinical planar images. OSEM and entropy-based MAP (MAP-ENT) algorithms with 3D resolution recovery and attenuation correction were evaluated for their efficacy in the myocardial defect reconstructions with standard and reduced radiopharmaceutical/activity doses. The results of simulations have shown that the MAP-ENT algorithm is a promising approach to SPECT with reduced radiopharmaceutical dose. The main difference between OSEM and MAP-ENT is that the MAP-ENT iterative process can be stopped using convergence criteria that excludes a subjective factor and uncertainty of OSEM stopping.
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