Background: Exercise is commonly recommended to patients following a lumbar microdiscectomy although controversy remains as to the timing and protocols for exercise intervention (early vs late intervention). Our study aimed to evaluate low back pain level, fear avoidance, neurodynamic mobility, and function after early versus later exercise intervention following a unilateral lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods: Forty patients who underwent unilateral lumbar microdiscectomy were randomly allocated to early (Group-1) or later (Group-2) exercise intervention group. The low back pain and fear avoidance were evaluated using Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. The neurodynamic mobility and function were recorded with Dualer Pro IQ Inclinometer, 50-foot walk test, and Patient-Specific Functional Scale. Measurements were performed before surgery and post-surgery (1-2, 4-6, and 8-10 weeks) after exercise intervention. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in low back pain levels and fear avoidance as well as a significant improvement in neurodynamic mobility and function at 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery. No significant difference was detected between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings showed that early exercise intervention after lumbar microdiscectomy is safe and may reduce the low back pain, decrease fear avoidance, and improve neurodynamic mobility and function.
Background: The benefit of prophylactic antibiotic use in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary lesions is controversial. Many surgeons administer antibiotics perioperatively not based on clear guidelines but “to be safe”. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was performed to assess the efficacy of perioperative antibiotic use to prevent infectious complications in patients undergoing EETS. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, observational studies, and case series. Data extracted: study design, year of publication, sample size, surgery type, perioperative antibacterial treatment (antibiotic, dose, and duration), number of patients with 30-days post-operative meningitis and/or sinusitis. End points: rates of meningitis and sinusitis post-EETS. Results: A total of 280 articles were identified. Four observational studies met inclusion criteria. Based on GRADE score these studies were considered low in quality. 633 patients were -included in those studies. The most common antibiotics used were cefazolin and ceftazidime. The rate of infection ranged from 0.5% to 3.1 % for meningitis as the most common infection. Conclusions: The need to use antibiotic(s) perioperatively is not clear in patients with pituitary lesions undergoing EETS. Randomized control trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with pituitary lesions undergoing EETS.
Background: Odontoidectomy for basilar invagination and craniovertebral junction pathology has traditionally been performed using a transoral route. However, the endoscopic endonasal approach to the anterior craniovertebral junction may offer safer and more effective access when compared to transoral approaches. Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review of all adult patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy at a single tertiary care center between January 2011 and May 2019. Results: Seventeen patients were included in the study. The median admission age was 67 years (range: 33-84 years) and 65% of the patients were female. One patient (1/17, 6%) had vertebral artery injury which was coiled with no neurological deficits, and 4 patients (4/17, 24%) had intraoperative CSF leaks with no postoperative leak. Fourteen patients (14/17, 82%) were extubated by POD 1. Three patients (3/17, 18%) developed postoperative sinus infections and required antibiotics. Eight patients (8/17, 47%) developed transient postoperative dysphagia. One patient (1/17, 6%) had postoperative epistaxis and one patient (1/17, 6%) had postoperative lower cranial nerve symptoms. The median length of hospital stay was 13 days (range: 2-44 days). Conclusions: Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy is a feasible and well-tolerated procedure for anterior decompression of craniovertebral junction, associated with satisfactory patient outcomes and low morbidity.
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