Field and Laboratory experiments were conducted at the experimental Farm Station of El-Serw, Damietta Governorate and Seed Technology Research Unit , Mansoura, during the season of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, to study the effect of potassium fertilization rates e.g. 0, 15 K 30 , 45 kg K2O and foliar spraying of some plant extracts i.e. rose water, mango and orange was used for spraying Berseem plants in each plot at flowering and seed filling stages to study the effect on forage and seed yield of berseem clover cv. Serw 1 as well as seed quality under saline soil condition. The experimental was arranged in strip plot design with three replicates. Potassium fertilizer rates were devoted in the horizontal plot whereas, the water and some plant extracts were assigned in vertical plot. The experimental plot area was 3x4 m 2. The results could be summarized as follows: Adding potassium fertilizer rates in high portion (45 kg K2O) markedly increased green ad dry forage yields when compared with the other portions i.e. 15 and 30 kg K2O. in the first, second and third cut, respectively. The lowest value of green forage yields were observed under the control treatments (without fertilization). The highest number of heads/m 2 , weight of heads/m 2 and no. of seeds/head, straw and seed yield kg/fed increased significantly in the two seasons when plots treated with the high portion of potassium fertilizer rates, while the lowest means of the above mentioned characters were observed in control treatments. In addition, 1000-seed weight, straw yield and seed yield kg/fed didn't reach the significance of differences in the first season. Spraying berseem with water and/or plant extracts achieved the highest mean of significance of differences in the second season for no. of heads/m 2 , weight of heads/m 2 , no. of seeds/head and 1000-seed weight , straw and seed yield/fed. when using orange plant extracts. With regard to seed quality, with increasing potassium application seed and seedlings vigor traits as measured by accelerating aging test, electrical conductivity of leached seed, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigor index were the best comparing obtained seed from unfertilized plots with potassium. The studied plant extracts had significant effects on germination percentage, electrical conductivity, seedlings dry weight and seed vigor index meanwhile the effect on accelerating test and seedling length was insignificant.
The role of some plant extracts such as scran and nerium, malathion and the mixture of them in protecting wheat seed from storage insects (Sitophilus oryzae L.,) and keeping its quality during storage is demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect plant extracts, malathion and the mixture of them on protecting seed of some wheat varieties (Sakha 93,Gemmiza 10 and Giza 168) from storage insects (Sitophilus oryzae L.,) as well as its effects on seed quality and insect infestation during different storage periods (0, 6 and 18 months). The main results revealed that: Treating rice weevils with the recommended dose of malathion resulted 100% mortality, meanwhile treating rice weevils with (half dose of malathion+ scran or nerium ethanol extract) increased mortality percentage more than scran, nerium extracts or half dose of malathion. Extend storage period after treatment for 6 and 18 months increased gradually insect infestation and seed dry weight loss and decreased germination percentage, seed and seedlings vigour and carbohydrate percentage, meanwhile seed protein percentage increased with prolong the storage period. Seeds of wheat variety 168 were the least in insect infestation and seed dry loss percentages comparing varieties Gemmiza 10 and Sakha 93. Treating wheat seed with the recommended dose of malathion or mixed with plant extracts or half dose mixed with plant extracts maintains high seed quality comparing the untreated seed. Generally, seeds of wheat varieties (Giza 168, Sakha 93 and Gemmiza 10) could be store for 18 months with maintain good quality seed by treating with malathion (recommended dose) or half dose mixed with nerium or scran extracts.
Accelerated aging test results were found to be affected by many factors namely; relative humidity, temperature degrees, exposure periods and seed chemical composition. Therefore, precaution should be taken when utilizing this test for evaluating seed viability. This study was carried out at Seed Technology unit, Mansoura, Dakhlia Governorate during 2010 and 2011 years, to determine the value of accelerated aging test conditions for evaluating seed vigour and its relationship to chemical composition of the tested seeds (wheat, soybean and sunflower). The main results could be summarized as follows: Conducting the accelerated aging test at the highest surrounded relative humidity level (100%) led to increasing seed moisture content and the increase was more rapidly comparing to conducting the test with using saturated salt solutions (SSAA) such as sodium hydroxide (75%Rh.). Increasing temperature degrees during the aging test release seed water absorption specially at saturated relative humidity (100%). Seed moisture contents increased as the exposure period to accelerated aging conditions was increased. Also soybean seed was more sensitive to the accelerated aging conditions especially relative humidity comparing to sunflower and wheat seed. So, the results suggest conducting the accelerated aging test for soybean seed at relative humidity 75% and temperature degrees not excesses 44C o for 72hour., (100% relative humidity, 41C 0 for 72 hour) for wheat and (100% relative humidity, 44C 0 for 72 hour) for sunflower.
The present investigation was conducted at El-Serw Experimental Agricultural Research Station (ARC) during the summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 to study the effect of spraying plant extracts on seed yield, quality and insect infestation of cow pea cultivars. The study included four cow pea cultivars i.e. Buff, Cream, Brabham and Local and four spraying treatments (black pepper seed extract, neem seed extract, Malathion 57 % pesticide and control (without spray). Seeds of each plot were stored for 3 and 6 months after harvest. The experimental design was arranged in strip plot design with three replicates. Buff cultivar surpassed the other cultivars in total fresh forage and dry yields, seed yield, germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss. The same cultivar maintained its superiority in crude protein, tannins, total phenols and vicine contents. Spraying with Malathion 57 % gave the highest values of germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss. The same treatment gave the highest values of chemical constituents. The germination percentage of cow pea seeds were decreased and insect infestation percentage and seed dry weight loss were increased as the storage period increased from zero to 6 months. Increasing the storage period from harvest to 6 month, reduced gradually total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicine and increased crude protein content. Insect infestation and seed dry weight losses had significantly negative correlation with seed contents of tannins, total phenols, vicine as well as germination percentage. The results revealed that, spraying cultivar Buff plants during flowering and pod filling stages with neem and black pepper seed extracts could substitute the spraying Malathion 57% to protect cow pea seed from weevils' infestation and hold seed quality for six month.
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