The article deals with the data on the influence of probiotic preparation BPS-44 and 2% yeast Saccharomyces cerеvisiae on the histostructure of tissues of the cloacal sac (bursa of Fabricius) of broiler chickens. The conducted histological researches have shown that in chickens of the control group at the end of the experiment in the cloacal sac were revealed intraepithelial microcystic cavities, but in the medullary substance of the lymph nodes, necrotic changes are recorded and glandular structures are formed, indicating an insufficient level of lymphopoiesis. The use of these probiotic preparations to broilers from the experimental groups during the period of their growth in the ration caused a normalizing effect on the morphostructure of the cloacal sac and, in particular, on the action of 2% yeast Saccharomyces cerеvisiae. It is evidenced by the absence of the formation of microscystic cavities in the epithelial layer of the cloacal sac (signs of slowing down the processes of age involution). In this case, the lymph nodes are numerical, the division into cortical and medullar substance is clear, they were densely populated with lymphoid elements, indicating the possibility of forming an adequate immune response in the poultry of this group.
Environmental contamination by xenobiotics has a crucial negative impact on productive animals' health by reducing immune reactivity and causing metabolic disorders. One of the ecologically dangerous objects in Ukraine is the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. Thus the aim of our study was to investigate the influence of subcutaneous injections of vitamin drug in liposomal form on the performance, antioxidant and immune status of heifers and their calves under technogenic load. Investigation and the explanation of the influence of experimental drug "Pregnavitan" on the intensity of metabolism of vital important vitamins A and E, intensity of antioxidant defense in cows and their calves was the main aim of our work. The research has showed the tendency to growing the number of leucocytes, and the decrease of total protein content and current indexes of cell and humoral links of immune defense with the increase of gestation time in the blood of cow's established. This suggests the development of physiological immunosuppresion in pregnant animals. Intramuscular injection in the last month of pregnancy of vitamins A, D 3 , E, lecithin, methionine and cobalt acetate in the form of liposomal emulsion improves natural resistance of cows and received of them calves. The parenteral injection of liposomal drug "Pregnavitan" to pregnant cows and newborn calves enhances the natural resistance of their organisms and recovery red-ox balance in their body. In these circumstances, the drug we have developed for the needs of animals: essential vitamins, trace elements and biologically active substances. In general, that composition had positive effects on metabolic processes in animals.
The more stable among the tested samples were samples with saccharose in the concentration of 50–75 mg per cm3. While adding of L- lysine to samples the most stable activity was discovered in the experimental series of samples with the content of lysine of 10 mg per cm3 – activity increased by 54 % as compared to theoretical initial activity of HCG during 8 weeks. While storing gonadotropin with L-glycine fluctuations of hormone activity in all series of samples were observed. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-glycine had a more expressed stabilizing effect. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-methionine produced relatively high and stable activity of gonadotropin during the 6 weeks storage. Adding of 0.25 mg / cm3 of L- glycine and 75.50 mg / cm3 of saccharose to experimental samples during 2 weeks at 40 °C provided 69.8 % and 60.7 % saving activity of hCG respectively. Activity of gonadotropin in a series of samples with the addition of L- glycine and mannitol was significantly lower and at the end of the study was at an appropriate rate with the control series models. The highest activity of gonadotropin was detected while adding fillers – 10 mg / cm3 L-lysine and 75 mg / cm3 saccharose and mannitol – to recipes as a stabilizer.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations of some hematological parameters (hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), the count of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), as well as resistance of erythrocytes to urea and hydrogen peroxide in horses after 32 km endurance race. Seven horses from Crimea region (Bilohirsk, Crimean region) were involved in this study. Endurance horses used in this study are trained and conditioned to perform over long distances at moderate speeds. The prolonged exercises were used in endurance race. The walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km were repeated for 1 h (phase I); rest in an outdoor paddock without access to water for 30 min. And phase II: the walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km was repeated for 1 h. The results of the present study showed that adequate endurance race of low intensity could improve oxygen-dependent respiratory function in horses from Crimean region. Furthermore, the non-significant increase of red blood cells indices in endurance horses indicate about good athletic level after 32 km endurance ride. Statistically significant differences in the percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes between pre-and post-ride period were observed and thereby signifying an oxidative stress-dependent impairment of erythrocyte stability.
Мета досліджень полягала у з'ясуванні впливу згодовування курчатам-бройлерам кросу Росс-308 у складі стандартного корму препарату БПС-44 та 1 і 2 % дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae на інтенсивність процесів окисної модифікації протеїнів (ОМП) і стан системи антиоксидантного захисту (САЗ). Дослід проводили на 4 групах курчат-бройлерів по 100 голів у кожній за схемою: курчатам контрольної групи згодовували стандартний комбікорм (СК) згідно з чинними нормами, рекомендованими для кросу Росс-308; перша дослідна група додатково до СК отримувала пробіотик БПС-44, виготовлений на основі виробничого штаму бактерій Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis 44-p дозою 0,21 г/кг, друга дослідна група-1 % дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae; третя дослідна група-2 % дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Дріжджі використовувались як пробіотик у сухому ліофілізованому вигляді у дозі 1 або 2 % від маси корму. Матеріалом для проведення біохімічних досліджень слугувала кров курчат, яку брали з підкрильцевої вени у різні вікові періоди-у 27-, 34-і 41-добовому віці. Результати проведених досліджень показали, що пробіотичні препарати спричиняють версифікований вплив на показники ОМП і активність САЗ. Зокрема констатовано інгібуючий вплив як пробіотика на основі штаму Bacillus subtilis 44, так і дріжджів Saccharomyces cerеvisiae на інтенсивність накопичення продуктів окисної модифікації протеїнів у плазмі крові курчат. Цей вплив був більш виражений на 41-добу експерименту у курчат, яким застосовували 2 % дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Разом з цим, як свідчать результати експериментальних досліджень, за дії 1 і 2 % дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae в еритроцитах крові курчат зафіксовано підвищення супероксиддисмутазної (СОД) активності та зростання вмісту відновленого глутатіону (ВГ). Водночас необхідно зазначити, що в активності іншого ензиму системи антиоксидантного захисту-глутатіонпероксидази (ГП) істотних змін у віковій динаміці за впливу досліджуваних препаратів не виявлено. На підставі проведених експериментальних досліджень можна стверджувати про позитивний вплив застосованих препаратів, особливо дріжджів Saccharomyces cerеvisiae на інтенсивність ОМП та активність системи антиоксидантного захисту курчат-бройлерів.
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