Численними дослідженнями [1-6] доведено, що природне геомагнітне поле і його варіації є екологічно значущими факторами довкілля щодо нормального перебігу біосферних процесів, а також функціонування всього ієрархічного ряду біосистем і організмів. Під впливом геомагнітного поля і його варіацій сформована ритміка електрохімічних процесів в організмах, їх робота в цілому, а також окремих органів. Залежно від ступеня перевищен ня екологічних норм магнітного поля в різних діапазонах частот [7] та часу перебування в такому полі спостерігаються відхилення у функціонуванні імунної, нервової і серцевосудинної систем (зміна норми в 2-10 разів), порушення ембріогенезу, резистентність бактерій до антибіотиків, виникнення злоякісних новоутворень, загальне ослаблення організму (в 100 разів) тощо; суттєві відхилення у діяльності організмів до 1000 разів відмічаються у випадку перебування під впливом магнітного поля високої інтенсивності протягом 10 діб.
Presented by the Editorial Board Member V. I. StarostenkoÂïëèâ ìàãí³òíèõ áóð íà ëþäèíó ñòຠîñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì âñå ö³êàâ³øèì. Ó ñòàòò³ âèêëàäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äaeåíü çì³ííîãî ìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ òåõíîãåííîãî ïîõîäaeåííÿ â ð³çíèõ ðà-éîíàõ ìåãàïîë³ñó ³ ï³äçåìíîìó òðàíñïîðò³ íà ïðèêëàä³ ì. Êè¿â. Âèì³ðè ïðîâåäåí³ â ïÿòè ïóíêòàõ ó ð³çíèõ ðàéîíàõ ì³ñòà, à òàêîae ó ìåòðî â îáîõ íàïðÿìêàõ ðóõó ïî¿çäà. Îòðèìàíà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ ïîêàçóº çàãàëüíó ñèòóàö³þ ç ìàãí³òíèì øóìîì ó ãóñòîíàñåëåíèõ ì³ñòàõ. ßê áþäaeåòíèé âàð³àíò äëÿ âèì³ðþâàíü â ìåòðî âèêîðèñòàíèé ñìàðòôîí ç âáóäîâàíèì ìàãí³-òîìåòðîì.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïðèðîäíå ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå, òåõíîãåííå ìàãí³òíå ïîëå, ìàãí³òíèé øóì.Introduction. At the present time there are a lot of data about the influence of constant and wide frequency range magnetic field variations on live organisms and human activity [Travkin, 1971;ICNIRP ..., 1998;Pavlovich et al., 1991;Orlyuk, 2001; Physicical ..., 2003;Khramov et al., 2006;Serpov, 2007; Standart ..., 2008;Belokrinitskiy, 2009;Kulikov, Timofeeva, 2011;Medvedeva et al., 2011;Rozov et al., 2013; Gvishiani et al., 2013 and others]. In large megalopolises natural Earth's magnetic field is mostly complemented by technogenic component from different sources of constant and variable kind [Orlyuk, Romenets, 2004;Tyagunov, 2011;Romenets, Orliuk, 2013;Orlyuk et al., 2014]. In the minimal health norm of static magnetic field is a half of its background values in the residence territory [Physical ..., 2003]. The authors [Orlyuk, Romenets, 2005] suggested the value of its "ecological norm" nearby 35-55 μT. This article presents calculated and experimental data about Kiev and its surrounding area magnetic field of natural and technogenic origin. 1. Natural Earth's magnetic field. Spatiotemporal structure of the Earth's magnetic field induction B is the sum of fields from different sources: B = n B + ΔB + δB , where n B -normal (main) field of the Earth, generated by the liquid core processes; ΔB -anomalous magnetic field (the lithosphere field), mainly caused by rocks magnetization, δB -external field generated by solar and cosmic radiation actions, the Sun and near-Earth space magnetic fields. Quasi-permanent geomagnetic field, which is the sum of main and lithosphere magnetic fields, sets the geomagnetic background where biosphere processes run and human lives. Afterwards, map of the magnetic induction module B for Kiev region was developed.Natural geomagnetic field varies within 50 100-50 860 nT, increasing from southwest to northeast (Fig. 1).Local spatial geomagnetic field inhomogeneity is mainly determined by its lithospheric component that varies within city from -200 to 500 nT.The right riverside of the city (especially the old town) is mainly located in positive magnetic field areas with an intensity of 50-100 nT. The left riverside of the city is located in predominantly negative magnetic field areas (up to -200 nT). On the left riverside only Rusanivka, Bereznyaky and partly Kharkivskyi, Bortnychi areas are characterized by low positive background near 50...
Magnetic and radon anomalous fields are essential geophysical entities of environment which determine to a considerable degree its ecological state. Revelation of magnetic and radon anomalous zones is an urgent task for the studies of geo-environmental state of the territory and appraisal of its ecological safety. The greatest danger is produced by the areas where the faults are localized with radon anomalies related in the upper part of the Earth crust. For the territory of Kyiv geological characteristics of the studied area has been reviewd, schemes of regional and accompanying faults have been adjusted and completed, maps of module and anomalies of module of geomagnetic field induction as well as a scheme of radon anomalies in water and subsoil air have been elaborated. Connection between radon anomalies with faults and natural magnetic fields has been shown which consisted in correlation of radon anomalies with negative and small positive values of anomalous magnetic field and related to thick zones of fracturing with active fluidal-dynamic activity and the faults of diagonal and orthogonal systems being the zones of radon emanation into atmosphere. Radon anomalies in subsoil air are mainly controlled by Irpin-Borshchagivka, Pushcha-Vodytsya, Kyiv and Darnytsya faults of northwestern-northern strike and Petrivka-Pukhivka and Glevakha-Brovary faults of northwestern strike. For some stations of Kyiv metro the excess of environmental norms of magnetic field and radon anomalies has been determined which can be explained by constructive features of metro compartments and their location in fault zones. It has been shown that radon anomalies are spatially and temporally stabile and magnetic anomalies, especially in metro, are characterized by considerable changes of magnetic field in both low-frequency and high-frequency spectra of their variation. Combined analysis of the fault tectonic scheme, magnetic and radon anomalies will permit to find out environmentally hazardous zones in the territory of Kyiv and out of it more reasonably.
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