A new system of local flat plate solar water heater "LPSH" recommended to be used for heating water as step for maximizing renewable source of energy instead of traditional power.The local flat plate solar water heater is used to heat water from the atmospheric temperature. Evacuated, double and single glasses flat plate solar water heater were fabricate with the same dimensions and installed at a latitude angle of 31 degree facing towards N-S direction.The experiment has been carried out at 24 th March 2021 between 8.00 AM to 5.00 PM.The solar collector efficiency depends with many parameters such as type of glass cover, wind velocity and overall top loss heat transfer coefficient.Top loss heat transfer coefficient (Ut) plays an important role for design of solar collector.Taking this point under consideration the present work is to reduce the overall top loss heat transfer coefficient and improve the collector efficiency.The result shows that the efficiency of (LVDG) is higher compared to (LDG) and (LSG).The higher instantaneous and collector efficiency of (LVDG) obtain as a result of the overall top loss heat transfer coefficient (Ut) was reduced in (LVDG). The efficiency of (LVDG), (LDG) and (LSG) achieve around 79, 68 and 45 %, caused by the high heat increase at 12:00 pm.The efficiency decreased for (LSG) as a result of the high top loss heat transfer coefficient. The maximum overall top loss heat transfer coefficient Ut was recorded (2.51, 3.77, and 6.35 W/ m 2 K) for (LVDG), (LDG) and (LSG) at 12:00 pm, respectively.
Spraying pesticides are important to protect crops from insects consequently to obtain the highest production yield. The manual or battery knapsack sprayers are dominant in the Egyptian market. However, the first type depends on the operator skill and for the second type; the battery charge is not constant throughout the operating period. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a knapsack sprayer powered by solar energy that operates throughout the day at constant flow rate pressure. This was achieved by manufacturing the developed sprayer from local materials, and by providing it with a solar pump powered by a battery, the photovoltaic panel and an electronic circuit in which the spray pressure can be controlled from 0 to 4 bars. The amount of pesticide can be controlled according to the age of the plant, as well as, the uniformity of pesticide distribution identified using constant pressure throughout the spray period and thus ensuring the fairness of pesticide distribution and not relying on lobar experience. The results indicated that the number of operating hours for the developed sprayer reaches more than 8 hours per day with constant pressure compared to using the battery-powered sprayer only, which operates from 1.5 to 3 hours only with no pressure stability at a flow rate 600 to 1000 ml/min. On the economic side, the cost of spraying from the developed sprayer is 54.37 L.E/fed compared with (102.50 and 79.70 LE /fed) for manually sprayer and battery sprayer, respectively. Therefore, a developed sprayer is high economic and practical value in the agricultural sector.
A new system of solar house incubator design is recommended to be used for hatch eggs using solar energy as step for maximizing renewable source of energy instead of traditional power. The indoor experiments were conducted under two methods to keep the incubator temperature at the optimum level. The first, using solar collector and heater works by solar cell. The second is the heater works by solar cell only. The DC motor used to move mat and automatically change eggs position. This system controlled by using the electronic circuits and mechanical thermocouple to supply a requirement eggs temperature (39 °C). The entire element will be controlled using programmable integrated circuit. The programmable integrated circuit is a type of microcontroller that can process a data from sensor and will execute the control element to change the condition in the incubator. The experimental periods from 7 th to 28 th of February (first period) and from 1 st to 20 th of June (second period) 2017 were recorded and evaluation at Tractor Test Station. The total power with solar collector decreases by 26.8 % and 37.5% compared to the total power when using the tradional method at the first and second period respectively.
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