If F is a free group on some fixed basis X, there is a mapping from F to the non-negative integers, given by sending an element of F to the length of the normal word in X±1 representing it. A similar mapping is obtained in the case of a free product of groups. Lyndon (3) considered mappings from an arbitrary group to the non-negative integers having certain properties in common with these mappings on free groups and free products.
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