Analysis of the existing basic collections and identification of the core collections with clearly defined properties are important stages of the plant genetic banks activities. The NCPGRU pea collection has not been studied through this lens. The article presents results of the study of pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum) accessions as donors of valuable breeding traits for its multipurpose use in agriculture and processing industries. We examined 307 accessions representing the breeding material from the working pea collection of the Laboratory of Grain Legume Breeding of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev and the collection accessions of various eco-geographical origins of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU). Eleven donors were selected by one or more important agronomic traits in combination with valuable economic characteristics (yield, performance, protein content in seeds, disease resistance (Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight)). The cultivars Modus, Efektnyi (multi-flowering (fn fna), leafless (tendril) (af)), Tsarevych (seed shedding resistance (def), leafless (af)), and SL DTR 94-120 (multi-flowering (fn fna), luhansk type of determinancy (d)) were chosen as donors for the grain pea breeding. Orpella (anthocyanin pigmentation of the corolla (A)) and Rezonator (stem length (Le)) were used for the grain/fodder pea breeding; Kharkivskyi Yantarnyi and Banan (seed culinary qualities) – for the groats pea breeding; Stambovyi (parchmentless pods (pv), fascicle stems (fa fas) and Asgrow sead (wrinkled seeds (r), leafless (af), multi-flowering (fn fna)) – for the garden pea breeding; Violena (the rb gene carrier – amylose-free starch) – for the technical pea breeding. All the accessions proved their donor capacities. A qualitatively new input material for practical selection has been derived by means of hybridization with some cultivars (Kharkivskyi Yantarnyi, Banan, Tsarevych, Violena, Asgrow seed). Further study of the NCHRRU pea collection aimed at identification of valuable accessions and creation a core collection is essential.
Objective. To evaluate the green pea (Pisum sativum L.) collection in order to identify carriers of r and rb mutations in it. Methods. Pea accessions were grown in the field, and seeds were produced under controlled pollination. The starch granule shape was determined in micrographs taken with a computer digital microscopic camera DMC-300 through a Biolam-15 microscope (object lens × 40). The starch content was determined polarimetrically by the Evers method and the amylase content colorimetrically — by the BO Juliano method. The data were statistically processed using analysis of variance. Results. The effect of r and rb mutations on the starch content and fractional composition in pea seeds was confirmed. In smooth-seed accessions the average starch content was 39,9 %, and the amylose content in starch was 45,9 %, while in r mutation carriers these contents were 31 ,2 % and 67,6 %, respectively, and in rb mutation carriers — 26,9 % and 28,2 %, respectively. An accession with marrowfat seeds, roundish starch granules and a low content of amylose in starch was identified. It was established that this accession was a carrier of a recessive mutation that is not allelic to r mutation and coincides with rb mutation by the effect type. Conclusions. A new genetic source of starchmodifying monogenic rb mutation of pea was identified. It was involved hybridization with sources of r mutation to expand the genetic basis of pea cultivar breeding.Keywords: peas, Pisum sativum, genetic diversity, r, rb, seed phenotype, starch grain shape, starch content, amylose content.
The results of analysis of studies carried out in the Laboratory of Peas Breeding of the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev are presented. Effects of abiotic factors on the yield and protein content in pea seeds during interphase periods are described. Determination of the effects of abiotic factors on the yield and protein content in pea seeds on average during the vegetation period does not give objective information. Determination of the effects of Σtand Σ Р on the traits, depending on developmental phases, is more informative.
The aim of the study was to determine the information content and adequacy of the ecological testing points of the pea breeding material and to identify the "ideal" genotype. Materials and methods. The breeding material in the experiments was represented by cultivars bred at the PPI nd.a. V.Ya. Yuriev (Tsarevych, Oplot, Otaman, Metsenat, Korvet, Haiduk, and Malakhit) and ten breeding lines (SL 11-129, SL 11-213, SL 11-55, SL 11-58, SL 10-37, SL 11-32, SL 10-132, SL 09-118, SL 11-166, and SL 11-176). In addition there was one cultivar (Svit) bred at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute. All the cultivars are leafless, semi-dwarf, mid-ripening, except for Tsarevych (mid-early). The field experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of field experimentation, using the conventional pea growing technology. The seeding rate was 1.2 million germinable seeds/ha; the plot area was 10 m2. To evaluate the accessions for the variability in different environments, we used a regression model developed by S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel, where the regression coefficient is an indicator of the genotype-environment interaction. This model is included in "Guidelines for Environmental Trials of Corn". Results and discussion. Thus, comparing the regression coefficient in pea cultivars Oplot, Tsarevych, Haiduk, Korvet, and Metsenat, we could conclude that these accessions were highly intensive in the OSES conditions and extensive in the PPI NAAS conditions (except for Metsenat). Regarding the regression coefficient in the breeding lines, none of them had a regression coefficient of 1.0. Over the study period, the regression coefficient was 1.4 only in line SL 11-58 (PPI NAAS) and 1.2 (OSES), characterizing this line as intensive regardless of the place of cultivation. Taking into account that the regression coefficient values of <1 are intrinsic to extensive accessions, lines SL 10-132 (RC = 0.4) and SL 11-176 (RC = 0.8) are preferred. Because these accessions also have a high genotypic effect. In addition, the regression coefficient in breeding line SL 09-118 was 0.9, with a genotypic effect of 0.07. Such combination of the indicators characterizes the line as relatively stable, with sufficient potential performance, and this breeding line will not be demanding to growing conditions similar to the OSES ones. Conclusions. Thus, the evaluation of both cultivars and breeding lines in the environmental trial showed that the pea breeding at the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuryev had a significant potential to create cultivars that would be well-adapted to both eastern and southern conditions, and that environmental trials remained an effective tool for assessing breeding material and selecting accessions with the maximum fulfillment of the genetic potential
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