A B S T R A C T The article describes the influence of the geo-modifiers of friction on the antiwear properties of lubricants. Geo-modifiers of friction are the fine powders of mineral materials. This work is directed on the investigation the influence of the geo-modifiers of friction in the form of the hard lubricant compositions, which based on a mineral serpentine, on the antiwear properties of greases and gear oils. This composition is the fine
Motor oil of the internal combustion engine is a means to deliver particles of friction geo-modifiers to the friction surfaces. In this case, the influence of friction geo-modifiers such an important parameter as engine oil HTHS viscosity is of practical interest. The purpose of this article is to determine the HTHS viscosity multigrade engine oils of SAE class 5W-40 with different concentrations of friction geo-modifiers on the basis of pure serpentine. The tapered bearing simulator TBS 2100E TANNAS was used to measure the viscosity of oils at shear rates 10 6 s −1 . A lubricating composition was prepared using two samples of multigrade engine oils viscosity grade SAE 5W-40. The mass concentration of the friction geomodifiers was 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% in each sample. The friction geo-modifiers lead to insignificant decrease in HTHS viscosity multigrade engine oil of viscosity grade SAE 5W-40. The viscosity decreased on 3.5-6.5% for the analyzed samples of motor oils. Therefore, the working conditions of the bearings of the crankshaft are changed insignificantly at the introduction of the friction geo-modifiers in motor oil.
At present, tribological studies are dominated by empirical and statistical approaches. Regardless of the availability of some standardized methodologies and devices, unique designs, taking into account the variety of conditions affecting friction and wear mechanisms, are being developed. This circumstance makes it difficult to analyze and compare the experimental results of individual authors. The complexity of creating a unified approach in tribology is due to the mutual influence, change and distribution of contact structures and parameters in the friction process, as well as the difficulty of measuring them in the friction process itself. The objectives of this study are: to identify the main mechanisms and patterns of friction and wear of contact systems lubricated with vegetable oils and vegetable-mineral compositions, with new synthesized antifriction and anti-slip additives, and to identify and scientifically establish opportunities for triggering self-organizing processes in contact that have an effect low friction and wear, and especially friction without wear. This article presents an initial overview of the current state of research in the field of the use of biodegradable lubricants for friction units of machines and mechanisms. It was concluded that the task of developing a lubricant with simultaneously high tribological characteristics, resistance to operational influences, extremely low toxicity, and high biodegradability remains urgent to this day.
In this work, the possibility of using esters of organic acids as antiwear additives to lubricants has been investigated. Work has two targets. The first of these is the verification of theoretical statements about the mechanism of action of anti-wear additives. According to the authors ideas, the influence of additives on the formation and properties of a polymolecular adsorption layer is the predominant factor. These ideas are based on the general laws of liquids adsorption on the solid surface. In addition, they correspond to the properties of AW/EP additives used in modern lubricants. The second goal is to develop justified approaches to creating AW/EP additives for biodegradable lubricants based on vegetable oils and synthetic esters. Additives to these materials must meet several requirements. In particular, they must be chemically compatible with vegetable oils and not have bactericidal properties. For use in twostroke internal combustion engines, additives must contain a minimum amount of sulfur, phosphorus and ash elements. Esters of dibasic and tribasic organic acids with higher alcohols were chosen as promising objects of study. Studies have been conducted on the example of the monoester of maleic acid, esters of tartaric and aconitic acids with hexadecyl alcohol. The results of measurements of the anti-wear properties of these substances when added to vegetable oil are given. As a result of these tests, a high AW/EP effectiveness of aconitic ester was found. This compound also showed efficacy when it was added to petroleum oil without additives and to standard gear oil. The measurements were simultaneously carried out in the SUSU laboratories, and at Sofia University in several stands under various friction conditions. The results showed that the use of new additives in hydrocarbon petroleum oil without additives gives AW effect, which is slightly lower than ZDDP. The investigated additive can be used in standard compositions of additives to motor and transmission oils. The results of the study indicate the prospects for the use of esters of polyatomic acids as AW/EP additives for lubricants of various origins.
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