We prove, in particular, that if E is a Dedekind complete atomless Riesz space and X is a Banach space then the sum of a narrow and a C-compact laterally continuous orthogonally additive operators from E to X is narrow. This generalizes in several directions known results on narrowness of the sum of a narrow and a compact operators for the settings of linear and orthogonally additive operators defined on Köthe function spaces and Riesz spaces.
It is known that the sum of every two narrow operators on $L_1$ is narrow, however the same is false for $L_p$ with $1 < p < \infty$. The present paper continues numerous investigations of the kind. Firstly, we study narrowness of a linear and orthogonally additive operators on Kothe function spaces and Riesz spaces at a fixed point. Theorem 1 asserts that, for every Kothe Banach space $E$ on a finite atomless measure space there exist continuous linear operators $S,T: E \to E$ which are narrow at some fixed point but the sum $S+T$ is not narrow at the same point. Secondly, we introduce and study uniformly narrow pairs of operators $S,T: E \to X$, that is, for every $e \in E$ and every $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists a decomposition $e = e' + e''$ to disjoint elements such that $\|S(e') - S(e'')\| < \varepsilon$ and $\|T(e') - T(e'')\| < \varepsilon$. The standard tool in the literature to prove the narrowness of the sum of two narrow operators $S+T$ is to show that the pair $S,T$ is uniformly narrow. We study the question of whether every pair of narrow operators with narrow sum is uniformly narrow. Having no counterexample, we prove several theorems showing that the answer is affirmative for some partial cases.
A projection lateral band $G$ in a Riesz space $E$ is defined to be a lateral band which is the image of an orthogonally additive projection $Q: E \to E$ possessing the property that $Q(x)$ is a fragment of $x$ for all $x \in E$, called a lateral retraction of $E$ onto $G$ (which is then proved to be unique). We investigate properties of lateral retracts, that are, images of lateral retractions, and describe lateral retractions onto principal projection lateral bands (i.e. lateral bands generated by single elements) in a Riesz space with the principal projection property. Moreover, we prove that every lateral retract is a lateral band, and every lateral band in a Dedekind complete Riesz space is a projection lateral band.
We study measurable elements of a Riesz space $E$, i.e. elements $e \in E \setminus \{0\}$ for which the Boolean algebra $\mathfrak{F}_e$ of fragments of $e$ is measurable. In particular, we prove that the set $E_{\rm meas}$ of all measurable elements of a Riesz space $E$ with the principal projection property together with zero is a $\sigma$-ideal of $E$. Another result asserts that, for a Riesz space $E$ with the principal projection property the following assertions are equivalent. (1) The Boolean algebra $\mathcal{U}$ of bands of $E$ is measurable. (2) $E_{\rm meas} = E$ and $E$ satisfies the countable chain condition. (3) $E$ can be embedded as an order dense subspace of $L_0(\mu)$ for some probability measure $\mu$.
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