BackgroundAlthough transposons have been identified in almost all organisms, genome-wide information on mariner elements in Aphididae remains unknown. Genomes of Acyrthosiphon pisum, Diuraphis noxia and Myzus persicae belonging to the Macrosiphini tribe, actually available in databases, have been investigated.ResultsA total of 22 lineages were identified. Classification and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they were subdivided into three monophyletic groups, each of them containing at least one putative complete sequence, and several non-autonomous sublineages corresponding to Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements (MITE), probably generated by internal deletions. A high proportion of truncated and dead copies was also detected. The three clusters can be defined from their catalytic site: (i) mariner DD34D, including three subgroups of the irritans subfamily (Macrosiphinimar, Batmar-like elements and Dnomar-like elements); (ii) rosa DD41D, found in A. pisum and D. noxia; (iii) a new clade which differs from rosa through long TIRs and thus designated LTIR-like elements. Based on its catalytic domain, this new clade is subdivided into DD40D and DD41D subgroups. Compared to other Tc1/mariner superfamily sequences, rosa DD41D and LTIR DD40-41D seem more related to maT DD37D family.ConclusionOverall, our results reveal three clades belonging to the irritans subfamily, rosa and new LTIR-like elements. Data on structure and specific distribution of these transposable elements in the Macrosiphini tribe contribute to the understanding of their evolutionary history and to that of their hosts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3856-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mariner-like elements (MLEs) are Class II transposons present in all eukaryotic genomes in which MLEs have been searched for. This article reports the detection of MLEs in seven of the main fruit tree aphid species out of eight species studied. Deleted MLE sequences of 916-919 bp were characterized, using the terminal-inverted repeats (TIRs) of mariner elements belonging to the mauritiana Subfamily as primers. All the sequences detected were deleted copies of full-length elements that included the 3'- and 5'-TIRs but displayed internal deletions affecting Mos1 activity. Networks based on the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit-I (CO-I) and MLE sequences were incongruent, suggesting that mutations in transposon sequences had accumulated before speciation of tree aphid species occurred, and that they have been maintained in this species via vertical transmissions. This is the first evidence of the widespread occurrence of MLEs in aphids.

In this paper, we present an innovative solution to achieve high efficiency printed antennas made on paper substrate. A corrugated cardboard is introduced for the first time for RF circuits. This substrate has been characterized with small perturbation method. It presents a dielectric constant of 1.41 and loss tangent of 0.042. S ubsequently, patch antennas were realized on corrugated cardboard and classical paper substrate. A measured gain of 5.12 dBi is reached with corrugated cardboard compared to -3.24 dBi for classical paper. S imulation results show a good agreement with measurement.

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This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis, Menippe mercenaria, Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagüensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.

Abstract-This work presents a compact rectenna based on printed on paper electronics. The rectenna is printed using mass production technique on an environmental-friendly and flexible paper substrate. Only one ink layer is used. The characterized paper substrates present minimum tangent losses of 0.08. It shows at most 40 times higher tangent loss than commercial substrates (Rogers Ultralam2000). A reduction of 50% of dielectric losses can be achieved by a good selection of the paper type; the selected paper substrate is a corrugated cardboard with 0.04 loss tangent value. The designed rectenna is based on two series-mounted SMS7630 Schottky diodes. Co-design technique has been used in order to integrate different blocks for additional loss reduction. The goal of our work is the use of a recyclable cardboard substrate with low-losses compared to classical paper substrate and high losses compared to commercial substrates. The printed on cardboard rectenna presents similar performances to a rectenna etched on commercial substrates. This device aims to convert high voltage levels (1 V) at low power levels (−15 dBm) for self-sustainable devices. For our application, an electrochromic display is supplied for anti-counterfeiting purposes. When a smartphone operating on Wi-Fi mode is close, the printed rectenna exhibits 970 mV DC which is sufficient to turn on the electrochromic display.

To establish easily measurable and reproducible preoperative parameters predicting difficult laryngeal exposure in direct laryngoscopy. A prospective study including 71 patients who underwent transoral microsurgery for benign or malignant lesions of the larynx was performed in our department from January 2021 to November 2021. Physical assessment included the Mallampati score, weight, height, body mass index and measurements of seven parameters in the cervical region. Eleven parameters were measured on the cervical radiography film. Among our patients, 19 were included in the difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) group. High Mallampati and Cormack scores were significantly associated with DLE (p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001). Limited mouth opening, direct thyromental distance (DTMD) < 67 mm in neutral position, DTMD < 82 mm and sternomental distance < 157 mm at full head extension were statistically related to DLE. For radiological assessment, the effective length of the maxilla and the atlanto-occipital distance were related to DLE. Using stepwise logistic regression, only the effective length of the maxilla and atlanto-occipital distance were selected as independent predictors for DLE (p: 0.015 and 0.001). Preoperative prediction of DLE is useful for both surgeons and patients. The length of the maxilla and the atlanto-occipital distance were found to be independent risk factors for DLE. This highlights the effect of overgrowth of the maxilla, protrusion of the upper teeth and limited extension of the cervical spine as the major risk factors for difficult laryngeal exposure.