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Urinary schistosomiasis is a preventable disease through nationwide snail control and mass therapy with oral antibilharzial drugs. If not properly treated, long-standing urinary complications may result in serious sequelae that may lead to mortality from renal failure or bladder cancer.

Holmium laser ablation and photoselective vaporization of the prostate are safe and effective in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with a small to moderate size prostate. Both procedures are easy to learn but holmium laser ablation of the prostate requires a longer operating time.

The efficacy of sildenafil citrate (Viagra s ), an oral agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), has been demonstrated in global studies. This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, parallel-group, flexible-dose study assessed the efficacy and safety of sildenafil to treat ED in men in Egypt and South Africa. Men with ED of varied etiology were randomized to receive sildenafil 50 mg (n ¼ 128) or placebo (n ¼ 126); doses could be adjusted to 100 or 25 mg. Questions from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) assessing the ability to achieve (Q3) and maintain (Q4) erections demonstrated a significant improvement with sildenafil compared with placebo (Po0.0001). Improved erections were reported by 74% of patients receiving sildenafil and 27% of those receiving placebo (Po0.0001). Headache, dyspepsia, and flushing were the most common adverse events in sildenafil-treated patients. These results are consistent with clinical trials in other countries. We conclude that sildenafil is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for men with ED in Egypt and South Africa.

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The influence of exogeneous infusion of prostaglandins (PGs) of the F2 alpha and E2 series and of indomethacin on micturition cycles was investigated in 30 anaesthetised female dogs. In 30 other animals, urethrovesical disconnection was performed to study the action of PGs and of indomethacin without the muscle continuity factors. In the intact animal model during vesical distension, PGE2 produced a significant urethral pressure drop and a dose-dependent reduction in the threshold micturition volume. PGF2 alpha produced a significant urethral pressure rise. At doses higher than 0.3 micrograms/kg, PGF2 alpha reduced the threshold micturition volume. On the other hand, indomethacin significantly increased the threshold micturition volume and reduced the maximum intravesical pressure. In the disconnected model, PGE2 produced a dose-dependent decrease in the resting urethral pressure and hardly affected the intravesical pressure; PGF2 alpha produced a dose-dependent increase in both urethral and intravesical pressures. Thus it is suggested that endogenous PG release during vesical distension could play a facilitatory role in micturition.

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