The COVID-19 pandemic has caused all countries to limit their activities to reduce transmission. In the orthopedic and traumatology services, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited the number of non-emergency surgeries, rescheduling activities, limiting hospitalization, etc. This study aimed to quantify the change in the number of visits, trauma cases, surgeries, and telemedicine in orthopedic and traumatology services. The search was carried out on the PubMed, Research Gate, MedRxiv, Elsevier, Link Springer, and Medline databases. The inclusion criteria of the articles used were observational studies. The assessment of the articles’ validity was carried out using a checklist made by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The data being synthesized is limited to quantitative data only. From the 19 articles meeting inclusion criteria, it was found that there was a decrease in the number of visits by 22.4%-86.1%. In additions, there is a decrease in the number of trauma cases by 21.1%-91.2%, lower limb trauma by 20%-77.7 %, upper limb trauma by 6%-78.8%, surgeries by 21.7%-88.8%, elective surgeries by 50%-100%, a change in the number of trauma cases and hip fractures, and an increase in the number of telemedicine application by 9.28%-21.87% in COVID-19 pandemic periode (2020) compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periode (2019 or less). The COVID-19 pandemics affecting the orthopedic and traumatology services decreased the number of visits, especially trauma cases, and surgical intervention
Skizofrenia adalah sebuah masalah psikiatri yang serius dan dialami di seluruh dunia. Pada 2018, terdapat 6.7 per 1000 kasus skizofrenia di Indonesia. Penanganan yang direkomendasikan untuk pasien skizofrenia adalah pengobatan farmakologi dan non-farmakologi yang memerlukan dukungan dari caregiver atau pengasuh untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Sebagai seseorang yang terdekat dengan pasien, keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga dan mengasuh pasien yang terkena skizofrenia. Namun, status quo saat ini menyatakan bahwa caregiver tidak paham bagaimana cara mengatasi pasien skizofrenia dalam berbagai kondisi. Maka dari itu, caregiver harus mendapatkan pelatihan maupun edukasi mengenai pasien skizofrenia dengan harapan caregiver dapat mengasuh keluarga/kerabat mereka dengan baik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Ozkan dan Khatri, dengan menyediakan data psikoedukasi melalui internet/teknologi (telehealth) kepada caregiver, menunjukan adanya perkembangan yang signifikan pada caregiver dalam menangani pasien skizofrenia. Maka, Coaching Caregiver hadir sebagai inovasi dan solusi untuk membantu caregiver dalam merawat keluarganya yang mengalami skizofrenia. Beberapa aspek yang terdapat di program ini berdasarkan dengan DSM V dan PPDGJ III, seperti informasi dan edukasi melalui video dan artikel, konsultasi dan support dalam pengambilan keputusan, terapi psikososial dan prilaku, dukungan sosial, dan monitoring. Pendekatan berbasis teknologi diharapkan dapat menyediakan layanan kesehatan dan pelatihan untuk lebih banyak orang. Sebagai tambahan, Coaching Caregiver juga diharapkan untuk dapat membekali caregiver dengan pengetahuan dan pelatihan yang memadai untuk merawat keluarga mereka yang mengalami skizofrenia.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the cause of death of million people in the world in 2016. The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in Indonesia is still high and number of death caused by HIV-1-related diseases shows an apprehensive number. Treatment of HIV/AIDS nowadays is not effective to eradicate HIV-1 and also cause adverse effects. Previous research found RN-18 as a specific antagonistic molecule for viral infectivity factor (Vif) that can trigger Vif degradation and maintain intracellular A3G level. The aim of this review is to examine the potential of NARN-18 based PLGA-CS-PEG nanoparticles through oral administration in the management of HIV-1 infection. Method of this article is using literature review method. Literature searching is done by using “A3G”, “HIV-1”, “PLGA-CS-PEG”, “RN-18”, and “Vif” as keywords in search engine. 13a molecule, that is the analogue of RN-18, is used in the modality because it has better effectiveness and solubility compared with RN-18. By using PLGA, PEG, and chitosan (CS) as nanoparticles that carries RN-18 analogue makes the modality can be taken orally and targets T cell as soon as it enters the blood stream. It also can increase the efficiency of drug release and drug loading of the modality. NARN-18 constructed by using PLGA-PEG-CS nanoparticle makes the modality can be administered orally, increase its half-life in the body, and also increase the inhibition effect of RN-18 analogue. Therefore, this combination is one of the potential therapy in HIV-1 infection treatment.
Background: According to the data of Riskesdas in 2013, fracture incident rate in Sulawesi gets a 16% increase. The most common fracture incident happens to elderly age group and its predominant cause is traumatic incident like falls and traffic accident. Treatment now such as ORIF and External Fixation is far from cheap and has a high risk to the patient. Syringetin-based nHAC/PLGA usage can be a new bionano bone graft because it can target specific cells to increase osteoinductivity in bones. Method: This literature review is established by literature review method of collecting sources from valid scientific literature which has specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: Syringetin-based nHAC usage has some targets like BMSC. Syringetin-based nHAC has effect in increasing the expression of BMP-2 and miRNA-21. BMP-2 and miRNA-21 are factors that take part in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. That expression increase is marked by ALP activity and osteocalcin increase. Conclusion: Significantly, the usage of syringetin-based nHAC/PLGA can increase the proliferation and differentiation rate of BMSC to osteoblast.
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