This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the gender-role types and child-rearing gender-role attitude of the single-parents, as well as their children's gender role traits and family socio-economic status, on social adjustment. We recruited 458 pairs of single parents and their children aged 8-18 by purposive sampling. The research tools included the Family Socio-economic Status Questionnaire, Sex Role Scales, Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitude Scale and Social Adjustment Scale. The results indicated: (a) single mothers' and their daughters' feminine traits were both higher than their masculine traits, and sons' masculine traits were higher than their feminine traits; the majority gender-role type of single parents and their children was androgyny; significant differences were found between children's gender-role types depending on different raiser, the proportion of girls' masculine traits raised by single fathers was significantly higher than those who were raised by single mothers; (b) family socio-economic status and single parents' gender-role types positively influenced parental child-rearing gender-role attitude, which in turn, influenced the children's gender traits, and further affected children's social adjustment.
This study's research objectives are investigating the status and understanding the correlation between creative teaching behavior, and school principals' servant leadership at elementary schools in Tainan City's rural and remote areas. On research method, questionnaire was designed and the objects of this study were the public elementary school teachers within the Taiwan. Data analysis was conducted for the 723 effective questionnaires from 84 schools. The valid return rate was 85%. Research findings are shown as follows: There is positive correlation between school principals' servant leadership and Creative teaching behavior.
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