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In this study, we synthesized two novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based bent-core liquid crystals (OXD7*, OXD5B7F*) containing a chiral tail that display broad ranges of the blue phase III (34 and 7 K, respectively); we characterized them using polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and circular dichroism. The electro-optical responses of both of these liquid crystals are much faster than those of previously reported single-component blue-phase liquid crystals. To optimize its electro-optical performance, we mixed OXD7* (the blue-phase range of which is broader than that of OXD5B7F*) with its analogue OXD6 (at weight ratios of 6:4 and 4:6). We also performed molecular modeling of single-component BPLCs (OXD7* and OXD5B7F*) to analyze the possible parameters affecting their blue phase ranges.

A series of p-conjugated bis-terpyridyl ligands (M1-M3) bearing various benzodiazole cores and their corresponding main-chain Ru(II) metallo-polymers were designed and synthesized. The formation of metallo-polymers were confirmed by NMR, relative viscosity, and UV-visible titration measurements. The effects of electron donor and acceptor interactions on their thermal, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interaction and metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in Ru(II)-containing polymers, the absorption spectra covered a broad range of 260-750 nm with the optical band gaps of 1.77-1.63 eV. In addition, due to the broad sensitization areas of the metallo-polymers, their bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell devices containing [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an electron acceptor exhibited a high short-circuit current (J sc ). An optimum PVC device based on the blended polymer P1 : PCBM ¼ 1 : 1 (w/w) achieved the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) value up to 0.45%, with V oc ¼ 0.61 V, J sc ¼ 2.18 mA cm À2 , and FF ¼ 34.1% (under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm À2 ), which demonstrated a novel family of conjugated polyelectrolytes with the highest PCE value comparable with BHJ solar cells fabricated from ionic polythiophene and C 60 .

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For the Crab pulsar (L = 10^^ erg/sec, ^ = 200 rad/ sec), Jc~ 1.7x10^^ particles/sec and e^^^ «2.8 xlO^^(J^/J) eV. Thus, for a given L, a larger flux of lower energy or smaller flux of higherenergy cosmic rays may be obtained, depending on J. In either case, 50% of the pulsar wave luminosity is converted into cosmic rays of energy less than Cj^^x-Within the superrelativistic approximation, these conclusions may be valid for the relativistic injection of neutral plasma of any composition, Care must be exercised in drawing far-reaching quantitative conclusions from our plane-wave model. Dependences on the azimuthal and polar angles in spherical geometry have been ignored. Furthermore, for a plane wave to be a good approximation, the radial excursion D of a particle during a half-period ?7 = TT, D = {TTC/Q)P/{^^ ~ 1), should be smaller than the radial scale length. This is only marginally satisfied at the injection radius and even less well at larger radii. Clearly, investigation of the spherical wave is called for.We acknowledge discussions with P. K.