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The characteristics of nonlinear left-handed (NL-LH) transmission lines (TLs) are discussed for the first time. A LH-TL with varactor-diode series capacitance is analyzed in terms of dispersion and nonlinearity characteristics, and its voltage-wave partial differential equation is derived. Numerical responses of the NL-LH-TL to harmonicand pulse waves illustrate the conjoint effects of frequency dispersion and nonlinearity. Potential applications are suggested.

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The concept and the theoretical analysis of near‐field focusing by a passive planar nonuniform leaky‐wave interface are presented. The nonuniform interface, using a recently proposed uniform backfire‐to‐endfire leaky‐wave antenna, is designed to exhibit the appropriate phase‐conjugated distribution for focus formation at a desired point. A simplified nonlinear phased‐array approach is proposed to predict the dispersion of the focus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 416–418, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20652

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