Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt during two successive growing seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The aims of the experiments were to investigate the effects of mineral and organic fertilizers (1.100% N as mineral fertilizer; 50% N + 50% compost; 50% N + 50% biochar; 50% N + 50% biogas; and 50%N + 50% poultry manure) as soil amendments on yield and grain quality of some Egyptian (Gemmiza 12 and Sakha 95) and Omani (Missani and Cooley) bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. The treatments were arranged in a spilt-plot design with three replications, where the wheat varieties were occupied in the main plots, while the fertilization treatments were randomly distributed in the sub-plots. The results can be summarized as follows: Egyptian wheat varieties had the highest values of yield and its components and carbohydrates, while the Omani wheat varieties had the highest values of plant height, straw yield/ fed and protein percentage. Application of organic fertilizers (i.e. 50% biogas or 50% poultry manure) in a combination with 50% mineral N had positive effects on yield and quality of wheat. Significant improvements in grain yield and carbohydrate percentage were obtained from Gemmeiza 12 and Sakha 95 varieties when fertilized with 50% mineral N + 50% biogas or 50% mineral N + 50% poultry manure along with 100% mineral N, which were found to be the most optimal combined treatments for maximize wheat grain yields and under the environmental conditions of studies regions (i.e. Menoufia Governorate). While, Missani and Cooley varieties fertilized with 50% mineral N + 50% biogas or 50% mineral N + 50% poultry manure along with 100% mineral N produced the highest plants, straw yield/ fed and protein percentage.
Half diallel cross among six parental bread wheat divergent genotypes were evaluated under rainfed and saline stresses. Type and relative amounts of genetic variance components that interacted with environments were detected. Highly significant differences between environments were recorded for all traits under consideration i.e. mean squares for genotypes, parental lines or varieties, F1 hybrids and parents vs. hybrids were significant for all traits in both locations as well as the combined analysis except parents vs. hybrids at Maryout and the combined analysis for number of grains / spike. The collected data revealed that predominance of additive gene effects in the genetic control of all traits except plant height under Siwa conditions and combined analysis. Combining ability x environment interaction revealed that the GCA (additive and additive x additive genetic effects) was more distorted by environmental fluctuations than specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all traits except number of spikes / plant and 1000-grain weight.Mean performances of the parental genotypes and its derived F1 crosses at both locations showed that P1 x P5 and P2 x P3 under rainfed and P1 x P4 and P3 x P4 under Siwa saline conditions were the superior combination for grain yield and most of its components. For grain yield / plant; eleven, fifteen and thirteen crosses expressed significant positive heterotic effects relative to mid parent in Maryout, Siwa and the combined analysis, respectively. While, six, five and six crosses from the previous hybrids exhibited significant positive heterotic effects relative to better parent in the same order. The best crosses were P1 x P5, P2 x P3, P2 x P5, P3 x P5 and P3 x P6 over both locations.With regard to yielding capacity, P4 was the best combiner under saline environment as well as the combined data. Also, P4 had a significant gi effects for two or more of the yield attributes under each of the two stress types tested. Such parental genotype (P4) was developed under similar aimed conditions through the previous segregating generations among Desert Research Center breeding program. For grain yield / plant, six, three, and five crosses gave significant positive Sij effects in Maryout, Siwa and the combined analysis, respectively. The best crosses were P1 x P5 and P4 x P5 in both locations and combined analysis and P3 x P5 in Maryout and the combined analysis.Insignificant associations between parental means and their gi effects where detected in all cases revealing that it is not necessarily that good combiner must have a good index of intrinsic performance.
The field experiments were carried out in two successive summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, in El-Raheb, Egypt to evaluate yellow inbreed lines of maize through line x tester analysis. Top crosses were made each of the twenty-five S4 lines and the two testers by hand to give a total of 50 top crosses in 2014season. In the second season (2015) two adjacent experiments were conducted under two plant densities. The first experimental represented a normal plant density (ND) of 24000 plant/fad., (hills spaced 25 cm apart and one plant/ hill). The second experimental represented plant density (HD) of 30000 plants/fad. (hills spaced 20 cm a part and one plant hill). In each experiment the 50 top crosses as well as the two checks hybrids Giza 168 and Giza 176 were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Performance of inbred lines varied with plant densities. Parental lines L3, L4, L5, L14 and L23 were the best in mean performance and general combining ability effects under this study. Results indicated that σ² SCA was more important than σ² GCA for all studied traits, plant height at the combined analysis. Non-additive gene action was more affected by the interaction with environments than the additive effects. The top crosses L12 x T2 and L17 x T2 showed desirable significant SCA effects for shortness and the low ear placement under low plant density. Thirteen top crosses showed significant positive SCA effects for grain yield (ard/fad) under HD, LD and combined analysis. Also, the top crosses L1 x T2 and L11 x T2 were significant under high plant density. The top crosses (L3 x T1 and L14 x T2) and (L3 x T2) showed significant number of ears per plot and 100-kernel weight relative to two check varieties for the top cross L3 x T1 gave the higher value of heterosis relative to the two checks for ear weight and grain yield.
to investigate the influence of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and biological ones i.e. Cerialen and Biogen under foliar spraying with Cysteine on the productivity of three wheat varieties (Sakha-93. Masry-1 and Banisweif). The studied treatments were recommended dose of N (75 kg N/fed., F1), recommended dose of N. fertilizer + Cysteine at the rate of 150 ppm (F2) 50% recommended dose of N fertilizer + Cerialine + Cysteine (F3) and 50% recommended dose of N fertilizer + biogen + Cysteine (F4). Complete randomized design was applied for the pot experiments, whereas split plot design was conducted for the experimental field. The results revealed that the difference between the investigated varieties due to plant height (cm) and flag leaf area (cm 2) was substantial. Sakha-93 var. pronounced its superiority due to the both studied growth characters during the pot and field experiment. F2 treatment located the first order and gave the tallest wheat plants, whereas F4 treatment awarded the largest area of flag leaf, during the three experimental seasons. Yield and yield components parameters (No of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (g/plant in pots and ardab/fed. in field), straw yield (g/plant and ton/fed. in field) and biological yield (g/plant in pots and ton/fed. in field) differed significantly between varieties. the maximum value were obtained from Sakha-93 and Masry-1, while the minimum ones associated with Baniswif variety, through the three experimental seasons. With the exception of straw yield either pot experiments or the field one, F2 and F4 treatments resulted in the heighest data for the previous yield and yield components parameters. The effect for the first order interaction (Var. x Fert.) on the studied characters differed with the characters difference (significant or nonsignificant) as shown from the obtained results during the three experimental seasons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.