Kata kunci: malnutrisi rawat inap, lama rawat, balita

Latar belakang. Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global, khususnya di negara berkembang. Morbiditas dan mortalitasakibat pneumonia cukup tinggi pada anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun.Tujuan. Mencari hubungan status gizi dengan derajat keparahan pasein pneumonia anak yang dirawat di RSUP SanglahMetode. Penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di Sub-Bagian Respirologi Bagian/ SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK UNUD/ RSUPSanglah pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2014Hasil. Total subyek adalah 114 dengan laki-laki lebih banyak dibanding perempuan (58,8% vs 41,2%). Usia yang paling sering 0-6bulan 35,1% dengan status nutrisi baik 56,11%, diagnosis yang paling banyak adalah pneumonia berat 76,3%. Analisis bivariatmenunjukan terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan derajat keparahan pneumonia, dengan nilai p=0,02 dan PR IK95% 2,176(1,094 s/d 4,329).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan derajat keparahan pneumonia pada anak.

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After 6 months old, the baby must be provided complementary foods (CFs) due to the breast milk only cannot meet the nutrients requirement. The essential nutrients that should be contained in CFs are omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid. The study evaluated n-6 and n-3 fatty acid contents, as well n-6:n-3 ratios of commercial CFs on the market. An observational study was conducted on the biggest supermarket of Denpasar city on June 2016. The n-6 and n-3 contents and it ratios were determined depending on labels of each commercial CFs then compared with Indonesia Nutritional Adequacy Rate (NAR) according to the infant's age. Total 53 commercial CFs were included in this study, 48 of them contain n-6 and/or n-3 fatty acid, where is 40 as a porridge and 8 as biscuits. Most of the commercial CF (97.5%) contains omega-6 fatty acid and only 57.5% of them contain omega-3 fatty acid. While all of the biscuit forms only contain omega-3 fatty acid. The concentration of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid per 100 kcal was 302 mg and 39 mg, respectively with ratio 7.7:1. Compared with Indonesia NAR requirement of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid and it ratio according the infant's age there was not significantly different (p = 0.826). The concentration and ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid in commercial CF was appropriate with Indonesia NAR according the infant's age.

Hospital malnutrition increase morbidity and mortality rate of hospitalized children, regardless of underlying diseases. This study evaluated the risk of malnutrition using STRONGkids screening tool in hospitalized children in government hospitals. An observational study was done in seven government hospitals in Bali, Indonesia. The STRONGkids score of consecutively hospitalized children was calculated and compared with the nutritional status, age, gender, and underlying diseases. Chi-Square and Logistic Regression test were done with considered significant if P value < 0.05. Total 129 children included this study. Fifty-six percent males, mean age 4.1<3.4 years, 20.3% had an underlying chronically diseases, 6.2% had severe malnutrition, and 25.6% had moderate malnutrition. Based on STRONGkids, 12.4% children were at high risk and 87.6% at moderate risk without at low risk for malnutrition. High risk for malnutrition was associated with chronically diseases (p= 0.020), severe and moderate malnutrition (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). It can be concluded that the STRONGkids can be recommended in identify the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized children. Children with high or moderate risk for malnutrition need nutritional support such as high energy density oral supplementation.

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Background The complementary feeding period of 6-24 months of age is one of the most crucial moments in child growth, in which most of the decline in length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) occurs. The Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) and Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) are indicators to assess complementary feeding practices in the children with potential for stunting. Objective To assess and compare the usefulness of MAD and ICFI scores as indicators of inadequate feeding practice on stunting in children aged 6-23 months. Methods This case-control study was conducted in South and West Wewewa subdisctricts of Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from February to August 2019. Participants were children aged 6-23 months who had received complementary feeding for a minimum duration of one month. Children with LAZ <-2 were allocated into the case group (stunted) and those with LAZ>-2 into the control group. Both MAD and ICFI scores were assessed in both groups. ICFI was categorized as low, average, and high. The association between complementary feeding practice which depicted by the MAD and ICFI scores and stunting was measured using logistic regression. Results Of 322 participants, 161 children were allocated into each group. Multivariate analysis revealed that those in low and average ICFI tertile had higher odds of stunting [(OR 2.85; 95%CI 1.35 to 6.00; P<0.01) and (OR 1.95; 95%CI 1.09 to 3.46; P<0.05), respectively]. No association was found between MAD and stunting. Conclusion Inadequate complementary feeding practice is found to increase the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Compared to MAD, ICFI is a better indicator in demonstrating an association between complementary feeding practice and stunting.

Obesity is increasing nowadays including in children and there is lack of information on the pathophysiology and their complication such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study was aimed to investigate the comparison of lipid profile in obese children with and without insulin resistance. A crossectional study held at an elementary school in Denpasar, Bali from August until September 2015. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were performed to compare lipid profile in obese children with and without insulin resistance. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 50 obese children were analyzed. In this study, we found 12 subjects (24%) with insulin resistance. Nonsignificant associations were found between insulin resistance with total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and ratio of HDL/LDL. A significant association was found between insulin resistance and triglyceride level after adjusted age and sex. There was a significant mean difference of triglycerides in the insulin resistance and noninsulin resistance groups in obese children.