Rare earth ion contribution in barium hexaferrite structure to a change of magneto-crystalline anisotropy to improving its magnetic properties has been investigated. A series of simples of Ba1-xCexFe12O19 with the variation of x (x = 0.0-0.5) were prepared by solid-state reactions using mechanical deformation techniques. The oxide materials used for sample preparation are BaCO3, Fe2O3, and CeO2 with the ratio of material used is adjusted to the stoichiometric calculation for variations of Ce4+ substitution. The phase identification results show that the reaction took place perfectly and successfully formed a single-phase Ba1-xCexFe12O19 namely at the composition x = 0 and x = 0.1. while for the composition x> 0.1, it is formed in three phases. Particle morphology in the composition x = 0 and x = 0.1 has very good and uniform particle homogeneity across the surface of the sample in the form of polygonal particles. So the substitution of Ce atoms into the barium hexaferrite structure is only able at the composition limit x = 0.1. In the composition x = 0.1 has been able to increase the coercivity and magnetization fields. It can be concluded that the permanent magnet with the composition Ba0,9Ce0.1F12O19 gives the best results.
Synthesis and characterization of Mn-ZnFe2O4 and Mn-ZnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites from waste batteries for photocatalytic, electrochemical and thermal studies M Mylarappa, V Venkata Lakshmi, K R Vishnu Mahesh et al. Abstract. This study has been conducted on synthesis of (La 1-x Gd x )Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superconductors with the substitution of Gadolinium (Gd) (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) and sintering temperature (700-960 o C) variation using a wet-mixing method. Characterization is done by XRD, RAMAN and SEM. XRD characterization results of all samples have shown sharp peaks which indicate that the sample had crystallized well. Search match results showed an impurity phase such as BaCO 3 , CuO and BaCuO 2 . Rietveld analyses for all samples gave decreasing lattice parameters (a-axis from 3.9069 to 3.8936 Å, b-axis from 3.9231 to 3.9055 Å and c-axis from 11.8489 to 11.6597 Å) with the addition of Gd contents (from 0.25 to 1.00). Such addition also caused a decrease of lattice parameters ( a-axis from 4,901 to 3.8975 Å, b-axis from 3.9658 to 3.8986 Å and c-axis from 11.7254 to 11.6758 Å) with the addition of sintering temperature (from 700 to 960 o C). Characterization of FTIR seen the bending vibration absorption by CO 3 2-, absorbs mode apical oxygen of La (Gd) -O-Cu(2) and Cu(1)-O(1)-Cu(2). The addition of sintering temperatures also increases the intensity of the superconducting phase, reduce the intensity of an impurity phase (based on search results match) and increase the particle size (based on SEM characterization and Scherrer calculation).
Synthesis and characterization of Ba1-xLaxFe12O19 based permanent magnet samples with variations in composition (x = 0; 0.02; 0.04; and 0.08) has been done. The method used is a solid state reaction. The phase formation of the sample Ba1-xLaxFe12O19 was carried out at 1200oC for 2 hours. The results of the X-ray diffraction pattern analysis show that all sample compositions have a single phase BaFe12O19. The results of magnetic properties testing using VSM showed that the best coercivity field and remanent magnetization values were obtained at the composition of x = 0.04. The effect of substitution of lanthanum into the barium atom can increase the number of magnetic domains which are indicated by the increase in the coercivity value of the material along with the increasing composition of x. It was concluded that the composition of Ba1-xLaxFe12O19 is a permanent magnet with the best product energy.
It has been successfully designed a temperature monitoring instrument through android application using LM35 sensor and SIM800L module based on ATMega16 microcontroller. The temperature is measured using a LM35 sensor which produces a voltage and sent to ADC. Microcontroller ATMega16 is using as the main processor of this monitoring instrument to calculate the program, so that analog data in the form of input voltage are converted into digital data form a measurable temperature. The measurable temperature is sent and saved in the database on the server computer using the SIM800L module so it can be displayed on the website. The website pages are accessed with android programs that installed on the smartphone so that measurable temperature data can be monitored using a smartphone. The measurable temperature results can be displayed on a 2x16-character LCD in the instrument designed. Compatibility of monitoring instrument with comparison instrument is 99,97 %.
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